What proven methods are there for permanent weed removal?

Apart from taking the land out of cultivation (for example, paving it with concrete or salinizing it), there is currently no permanent weed removal method. The usual manual, mechanical, chemical and other weeding methods can only remove weeds temporarily and cannot remove them permanently. When weeding, pay attention to the following points:

1. Hand pulling weeds and using simple farm tools to remove weeds. This consumes a lot of labor and has low work efficiency, and it cannot promptly control weeds over a large area. At present, it is used as an auxiliary means of removing localized remaining weeds after other measures have been used for weed control.

2. Using weeding machinery drawn by animal power or mechanical power. Generally, before crop sowing, after sowing but before seedling emergence, or during the seedling stage, mechanical inter-row cultivation, harrowing and soil covering are carried out to control the occurrence and harm of weeds in farmland. It has high work efficiency and low labor intensity. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to remove weeds among the seedlings, it is not suitable for intercropping, relay intercropping or dense planting conditions, and frequent use can also cause compaction of the plow layer soil.

3. Using physical factors such as water, light and heat to remove weeds. For example, using burning to clear land and remove weeds, using flooding to control upland weeds, and covering the soil surface with dark plastic film to block light so as to raise the temperature and remove weeds, etc.

When using herbicides to remove weeds, pay attention to the safety of the operators, strictly follow the instructions, and avoid phytotoxicity.