How to effectively treat tomato rough fruit disease

Tomato rough fruit disease is a relatively common and serious physiological disorder of greenhouse tomatoes. Except for mildly affected fruits, none have commercial value. The stems and leaves of affected plants show no obvious symptoms. So, how to prevent and control tomato rough fruit disease?

1. How to treat tomato rough fruit disease?

(1) Choose varieties that are not prone to the disease.

(2) Plant at a reasonable density, prune at the right time, improve ventilation and light penetration, and increase light exposure; strengthen temperature and humidity regulation, pay attention to insulation in early spring and late autumn to prevent temperatures from being too low, and prevent excessive heat and leggy growth in summer; when watering, prevent flood irrigation, and it is best to use subsurface infiltration irrigation or drip irrigation under film to prevent excessive humidity and soil compaction, which can create a poor soil environment.

(3) Manage temperature, fertilizer and water reasonably to prevent the disease from worsening due to adverse factors such as excessively high or low temperatures in the greenhouse, soil moisture that is too dry or too wet, and imbalanced application of nutrient elements. In the early and middle stages of tomato growth, pay attention to controlling aphids and whiteflies to prevent the occurrence of tomato viral disease and reduce the incidence of rough fruit. When fertilizing protected-ground tomatoes, use light nitrogen, less phosphorus, heavy potassium, and supplement calcium and magnesium. When fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium should be applied in combination. During the flowering, peak fruiting and fruit expansion stages, apply 10-15 kg of Jiamei Yinglilai and Neijiade per mu 2-3 times. Fertilization should include base fertilizer plus topdressing, mainly organic fertilizer and organic activated nutrient package fertilizer.

(4) Balanced fertilization. Do not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer. During the full fruiting stage of tomatoes, increase the application of phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers such as Jiamei Yinglilai and Neijiade, and apply more fully decomposed organic fertilizer. Enhance plant resistance, extend light duration, increase chlorophyll content, apply the organic activated nutrient package fertilizer Jiamei Hailibao, and increase the production of photosynthetic products and their transport to the fruit. Supplement potassium, boron and other elements separately and early via foliar application (it is not recommended to use potassium-containing or boron-containing fertilizers alone, because it can cause potassium loss, boron fixation and soil acidification; you can use humic acid fertilizers such as Jiamei Hongli and Neijiade for drenching to activate the soil and promote nutrient absorption), and spray Jiamei Nao Baijin and Jindian on the leaves.

(5) Avoid continuous cropping for many years; implement a crop rotation system to ease the imbalance of soil nutrients.

(6) For tomatoes cultivated in greenhouses, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is below 10°C, heating and insulation measures should be taken; when the temperature inside the greenhouse is above 30°C, ventilation and cooling are needed. Greenhouse film should be a plastic film with strong light transmission. For greenhouse tomatoes, it is best to use wide-row cultivation to increase light penetration between rows and promote photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide gas fertilizer should also be added inside the greenhouse to meet the needs of photosynthesis.

(7) Treat promptly. When symptoms are found, immediately spray a mixture of 0.2% glucose and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to increase the sugar and potassium content in the leaves and reduce the damage.

2. Conditions for the occurrence of tomato rough fruit disease

(1) Brown rough fruit disease mostly occurs under low temperature and weak light, and dense plants with poor ventilation and light penetration are more conducive to the occurrence of this disease. For overwintering cultivation, the density must be reasonable, and pruning should also be reasonable to improve light transmission between plants.

(2) When soil moisture is excessive and soil oxygen supply is insufficient, it is conducive to the occurrence of this disease.

(3) When the amount of fertilizer applied is too large, especially when too much ammoniacal nitrogen is applied, and potassium fertilizer is insufficient or potassium absorption is hindered, this disease occurs severely.

(4) Applying farmyard manure that is not fully decomposed, close planting, transplanting small seedlings, and heavy pinching can all induce this disease.

(5) White-type rough fruit disease is related to infection by tobacco mosaic virus. Varieties resistant to this viral disease should be selected.

Tomato rough fruit disease should be prevented mainly. Pay more attention to fertilization during early planting. If infection is found, treatment measures should be taken promptly.