Characteristics of the Munage grape and its pest and disease control methods
Grapes are one of the common fruits of summer, with a great many varieties, distinguished by green skins, purple skins, large berries, small berries, seeded and seedless types, and among them, the Munage grape is very famous, so what are its characteristics? What are the control methods for its pests and diseases?
I. What are the characteristics of the Munage grape?
The Munage grape has large berries, thin skin, bright color, a sweet and delicious flavor, and thick, crisp flesh that can be sliced; it is the local variety most characteristic of Xinjiang for fresh eating, late ripening, and tolerance of storage and transport, and it has a strong regional character.
Many people know of Kizilsu, but have never been there. Kizilsu is also called the “Prefecture of Ten Thousand Mountains” and lies in the southern range of the Tianshan Mountains. The climate here is suitable, with natural advantages such as long hours of sunshine and a large temperature difference between day and night, providing a good growing environment for forest and fruit varieties such as the Munage grape, fig, Baren apricot, and sea buckthorn.
II. What are the control methods for the pests and diseases of the Munage grape?
1. Gray mold
Grape gray mold mainly damages the corolla, the pedicels of the small spikelets, the flower stalks, and the fruit. When the disease appears on the flower cluster stalks, they break at the slightest shaking; when the fruit is affected it tends to split, producing a gray moldy growth that spreads and expands, causing the entire cluster to rot.
Control measures:
(1) In the early stage of the disease, promptly cut off the diseased clusters to prevent the disease from spreading.
(2) During the flowering period, spray twice with 64% carbendazim wettable powder at 750—1200 times dilution, or DuPont Keku and Ridomil at 550—750 times, and Pulu at 1300—2200 times.
2. Grape tiger longhorn beetle
The grape tiger longhorn beetle mainly harms the one-year-old fruiting canes through its larvae, and perennial branches are sometimes also affected; in August the adults lay eggs on the canes, and the larvae bore into and feed on the new shoots. Sometimes a single fruiting cane has several larvae, feeding in sections; near the nodes of the damaged canes the tissue turns black and breaks easily, and the canes may even die.
Control measures:
During winter pruning, cut off the affected branches, gather them together and burn them; or, in August during the adult egg stage, continuously spray 82% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate at 900 times dilution 3—5 times, Luanchong Kuisha at 1300 times dilution, and Shachongxing at 950—1450 times dilution, which can kill some of the adults and reduce the number of eggs laid.
3. Grape phylloxera
Grape phylloxera is a devastating pest and also an important quarantine target. Grape phylloxera overwinters as larvae on the main and lateral roots of the grape, becomes active again in the spring of the following year, and after feeding reproduces by parthenogenesis, that is, laying eggs without mating, for 4—6 generations. After the disease occurs on the grape roots, nodular growths appear, bright yellow in color, which then slowly turn brown and gradually rot.
Control measures:
(1) First, strengthen quarantine of nursery stock and prohibit the purchase of nursery stock from epidemic areas.
(2) Second, disinfect the nursery stock and the soil. First soak the nursery stock or cuttings in water at 34—42°C for 6—9 minutes, then immerse them in hot water at 52—54°C for 6 minutes, which can kill most of the pests. Injecting 37—74 grams of carbon disulfide per square meter of soil can kill most phylloxera.
(3) Finally, drench the roots with chemicals; in areas where the disease has already occurred, pyrethroid chemicals such as fenvalerate, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin at 1600—3100 times dilution can be used to drench the roots in spring and autumn.