How should rice base fertilizer be proportioned to be more reasonable?
In the process of rice planting, to achieve high yield, fertilizer must be applied accurately at every stage. In order to create good soil conditions for the growth and development of rice, the application of base fertilizer is essential. What is the rice base fertilizer ratio?
1. Rice base fertilizer ratio
Rice base fertilizer should be mainly phosphorus, with nitrogen and potassium applied in combination. Phosphorus should be applied all at once; phosphorus does not move in the soil, so topdressing phosphate fertilizer will not be effective. The greatest effect of phosphate fertilizer is achieved when it is applied throughout the whole layer and to the root system, that is, 1 day before transplanting, use 125-150 grams per square meter of diammonium phosphate and broadcast it in the seedbed.
Phosphate fertilizer amount in base fertilizer: 35-50 kg per hectare. Nitrogen fertilizer amount: 35-40 kg per hectare. Potassium fertilizer amount: 45-60 kg per hectare.
Medium and trace element fertilizers should be added; calcium-magnesium fertilizer 100-150 kg per hectare (commercial amount) and zinc fertilizer (pure zinc content 21%) 20 kg per hectare can be applied.
2. The role of base fertilizer
1. Applying base fertilizer can improve the soil. Applying sufficient base fertilizer mainly composed of organic fertilizers such as pig and cattle manure can increase the organic matter content in the soil, promote the formation of granular structure, improve soil aeration, and help the formation of a large root system, so that rice has deep roots and luxuriant leaves and grows robustly.
2. Applying base fertilizer can promote early development of the seedlings. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, combined with an appropriate proportion of quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium chemical fertilizers. When the seedlings begin to grow new roots, nutrients are available, which is conducive to early and rapid development of the seedlings.
3. Applying base fertilizer allows the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer to last a long time, can maintain steady growth of the seedlings in the middle and later stages, and prevents fertilizer deficiency and premature aging.
3. Application of rice base fertilizer
Rice base fertilizer generally refers to the fertilizer applied in combination with land preparation before transplanting. Northern rice fields are generally idle in winter. In autumn or spring, organic fertilizer and part of the chemical fertilizer can be spread on the field surface, and the fertilizer can be turned into the deep soil layer through deep plowing and land preparation. Before irrigating and soaking the field, spread the remaining chemical fertilizer, then carry out harrowing, rotary tillage, and leveling with a board (commonly known as “leveling with water”). It is also possible to spread the fertilizer on the field surface after harrowing and achieve the integration of soil and fertilizer through leveling with water.
Base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is a complete fertilizer, containing various nutrients. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it also contains sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and various trace elements. Applying organic fertilizer can improve soil aeration, enhance fertilizer and water retention, and promote steady growth of rice plants, thereby helping rice achieve high yield and good quality. Farmyard manure must be fully decomposed. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer decomposes slowly, has low utilization rate, has a long fertilizer effect period, and contains complete nutrients, so it is better used as base fertilizer.
The application of rice base fertilizer should pay attention to grasping the timing and the ratio and amount.