Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of Y-Shaped Peach Tree Cultivation Techniques

Peach is a common fruit in our country, planted almost everywhere, and some even grow it specifically to make money. So what are the Y-shaped peach tree cultivation techniques?

1. Site selection and land preparation

Prepare a piece of land with sufficient fertility, deep plow and apply sufficient base fertilizer, then dig a ditch 60cm wide and 50cm deep according to the row spacing, and then dig a hole 40cm long, wide and high on the field bed. A 15cm-thick layer of straw can be spread in the ditch, and about 5,000 kg of urea per mu can be scattered in, with a small amount of water.

2. Seed selection

Select suitable seedlings according to the local climate and soil conditions. Generally, early, middle and late maturing varieties such as Diwang No. 1, Zaomei, Yangtun Giant Peach, Zaofengwang, Jinpan No. 1, and NJ76 can be chosen. All of these varieties can be cultivated in the Y tree form.

3. Planting

(1) Planting time: early March.

(2) Planting method: Scatter an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer into the pit, mix it thoroughly with the soil, then straighten out the seedling roots and plant them straight into the pit. Before planting, the seedlings need to be soaked in clean water for 12 hours to promote germination.

4. Management techniques after planting

(1) Shaping and pruning: After successful planting, cut back to set the trunk at 50 cm above the ground, with 1-2 buds below the cut. Then in mid-May, remove the sprouts below the graft union of the seedlings. In early June, remove the top branches, keep the two main branches on the east and west sides, and when the remaining branches reach 20 cm, pinch the tips, keep them as auxiliary nurturing branches, train them into fruiting branch groups, and use them for early fruiting. In late June, pinch the secondary shoots of the main branches to promote branching and increase the number of branches. In early August, pull the main branches at a 45-degree angle and adjust the main branches to an east-west orientation. In March of the second year, remove the branches on the upper and lower sides of the main branches, and select and keep oblique fruiting branches at a spacing of 10-15 cm. On the trunk, keep 14 permanent auxiliary nurturing branches each in the north-south orientation, and remove all the other auxiliary nurturing branches. After two years of pruning, the Y tree form is basically formed.

(2) Fertilizer and water management: In the year of planting, topdressing can be done 4 times: in late May, apply about 50g of urea per plant; in early July, apply about 100g of urea per plant; in mid-August, apply about 20g of biological potassium fertilizer per plant; and before leaf fall, apply 15 kg of human manure and urine per plant. In early May of the second year, apply 100g of urea per plant, and after leaf fall, apply 30 kg of barnyard manure per plant.

(3) Flower and fruit thinning: When the peach tree produces flower buds, some flower buds can be appropriately thinned, with a flower bud spacing of about 5 cm. Begin fruit thinning half a month after flowering: keep 3-4 fruits on long fruiting branches, 2-3 fruits on medium fruiting branches, and 1 fruit on short fruiting branches. Remove all double fruits, deformed fruits, diseased and insect-damaged fruits, and small fruits to improve the fruit-setting rate.

(4) Pest and disease control: During the growth period of peach trees, control pests and diseases such as peach bacterial shot hole disease, peach leaf curl, peach aphid, peach fruit borer, and peach leafminer. If pests and diseases appear, specialized pesticides can be used for control.