Detailed Explanation of the Latest Greenhouse Shrimp Farming Techniques and Practical Methods
When it comes to lobster, I think everyone is more than familiar with it. In our country, the demand for lobster is very large, especially with the continuous rise of the late-night snack industry in recent years, lobster's market share is growing larger and larger, and there are also many lobster restaurants, so the market prospects for lobster are still quite good.
Latest Greenhouse Shrimp Farming Techniques
Using plastic greenhouses to cultivate early-breeding shrimp fry, from May to mid-August, raise first-season Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant river prawn), and from mid-August to October, raise a second season of Macrobrachium rosenbergii; or from June to September raise Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the first season, and from October to May of the following year raise another season of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense). In this way, farming two seasons of shrimp per year can fully utilize the farming water surface and feed resources, greatly improving the economic benefits of pond shrimp farming, and is worth vigorously promoting. 1. Choose the pond site well: the pond area is required to be 8-10 mu, with abundant water sources, good water quality, water depth above 2 m, and a slope ratio of 1:25. For newly dug ponds, a shrimp ditch 4-6 m wide should also be dug in the center of the pond bottom to facilitate harvesting. According to the farming scale, use a high-irrigation, low-drainage process to build a good water intake and drainage system. 2. Do a good job of seedling cultivation: to raise two seasons of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, plastic greenhouses must be built in advance. From late March to early April, purchase early-breeding shrimp fry for intensive cultivation, striving to reach a shrimp seed size of 3 cm by mid-to-late month, ensuring the needs of the first-season stocking. At the same time, from mid-to-late May, purchase mid-to-late-stage Macrobrachium rosenbergii for dedicated pond cultivation, and by around mid-August the shrimp seed size reaches 3 cm, for second-season stocking. For raising Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the first season and freshwater shrimp in the second season, purchase Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry for stocking in mid-to-late May, cultivate freshwater shrimp fry in dedicated ponds, select good cultivation ponds in early June, set up several small net cages, and stock egg-bearing freshwater shrimp; by the end of September the freshwater shrimp seed size is about 3 cm.
3. Reasonable stocking: for raising two seasons of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, stock 0.8-10,000 shrimp seeds per mu in the first season, and 10,000-12,000 per mu in the second season. For Macrobrachium rosenbergii in the first season and freshwater shrimp in the second season, stock 20,000-25,000 Macrobrachium rosenbergii fry per mu, or 10,000-15,000 shrimp seeds, and stock 15,000-20,000 freshwater shrimp seeds per mu. Before stocking, clean and disinfect the shrimp pond, cultivate basic feed, and transplant aquatic plants, etc. Choose a clear morning for stocking, and be careful that the temperature difference is not too large. 4. Feed feeding: for raising two kinds of shrimp, you can use the respective series of compound feeds for Macrobrachium rosenbergii and freshwater shrimp. For raising Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in the Taihu Lake area, snail, corbicula, and mussel meat can be fed as the main food, supplemented by compound feed; in other areas, series compound feed is the main food, with appropriate additional feeding of small fish and shrimp. Usually in the juvenile shrimp stage, the feed protein content is required to be above 35%, and in the adult shrimp stage it is required to be above 32%. Feeding is mainly done once in the evening, accounting for about 70% of the whole day's feeding amount. During the day, feed is put in the deep-water area, and at night it is put among the shallow-water aquatic plants. Feed at fixed times, fixed locations, fixed amounts, and fixed quality. The daily feed amount for Macrobrachium rosenbergii is 5-10% of the shrimp body weight in the pond, and for freshwater shrimp it is 3-5%. 5. Water quality management: in May-June, during the initial stocking period of shrimp, fish, or shrimp seeds, keep the pond water depth at 0.8 m; in the high-temperature season from July to September, fill the pond water to the full level; in autumn, with many cloudy, rainy, and muggy days, according to the water quality conditions, replace and refill fresh water once every 7-10 days, each time replacing 1/3 of the water. Normally strengthen water quality testing and pond patrols. 6. Timely harvesting: for two seasons of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, start harvesting at the beginning of the month in the first season, and at the beginning of the following month in the second season; for one season of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and one season of freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii starts to be harvested from mid-month by catching the large and leaving the small, and is marketed in batches; freshwater shrimp is harvested and marketed from the month of the following year. Where conditions permit, plastic greenhouse temporary holding methods can be adopted, selecting and keeping a portion of commercial shrimp for sale around the Spring Festival when prices are high.
What do lobsters eat
Both plant-based feed and animal-based feed can be eaten. Plant-based feed is the main type. Plant-based feed includes plant straw, aquatic plants, roots and leaves of aquatic plants, attached algae, filamentous algae, organic debris, etc. Animal-based feed includes aquatic insects and snails, river mussels, fish meat, etc. Crayfish often fight each other for food and burrows, and when food is scarce they kill each other, with large shrimp eating small shrimp and hard-shelled ones eating soft-shelled ones. Therefore, crayfish are most vulnerable to being eaten during molting and for a short period after molting. During this period, paying attention to maintaining sufficient bait can effectively avoid lobsters killing each other.
Notes on Lobster Farming
1. Strictly clear and disinfect the pond. The shrimp pond should be exposed to the sun for 15-20 d, until the pond bottom surface is dry, hard, and cracked. Two weeks before stocking, first inject a small amount of water, dissolve 100 kg of quicklime per mu and evenly spread it over the pond bottom, and use manual methods to rake through the pond bottom silt once. After a few days, add water to cover the entire pond bottom, and per mu splash the whole pond with 2 kg of chlorine dioxide and 50 kg of soaked rapeseed cake respectively. After 2-3 d, drain the disinfection water, sun-dry the pond for 3-5 d, and then inject new water after filtration.
2. Improve the pond conditions for lobster farming. The basic conditions of the farming pond, such as environment, area, water depth, and water quality indicators, must comply with the GB/T18407.4 standard. The water source must have no pollution, sufficient water volume, water quality complying with the NY5051 standard, and convenient water intake and drainage. The shrimp pond should be rectangular, wide and sunny, with a flat bottom, sandy soil or loam. During the shrimp growth period, the pH value, ammonia nitrogen content, nitrite content, and dissolved oxygen of the shrimp pond water must not exceed standards.
3. Purchase high-quality shrimp fry. Before purchasing shrimp fry, investigate the hatchery's production license, reputation, source of parent shrimp, the farming situation of shrimp fry sold in previous years, and the disease and medication situation during seedling cultivation, etc. Before leaving the hatchery, shrimp fry must undergo testing by the inspection and quarantine department. Do not bring in fry from epidemic areas to prevent the introduction of pathogens.
4. Strengthen water quality management. During lobster farming, appropriately add water and fertilize to maintain a certain fertility of the water quality, regulate the composition of algae in the water, make green algae or diatoms become the dominant population, and form a certain quantity. Measure dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, pH value, and other indicators once every 7-10 d. If any indicator is unsuitable, relevant measures must be taken promptly. One month after stocking shrimp fry, use good microbial preparations once every 10-15 d to remove harmful substances in the pond; after two months of farming, attention must be paid to improving the bottom substrate, such as using bottom substrate improvers and turning on aerators to increase oxygen, etc.
Notes on Lobster Farming
First, create a good lobster growth environment. Because lobsters like to dig holes, generally the depth of the holes is 50-80 cm, and some holes exceed 1 m in depth. To avoid escaping by digging holes, the ridge width around the farming water body should be more than 1.5 m, and a 0.5 m high escape-prevention net or smooth inner-wall escape-prevention wall or escape-prevention board should be set around the ridge. The enclosure net must also be buried 2 m deep to prevent lobsters from escaping.
Second, feed reasonably. Because lobsters will kill each other when hungry or when food is insufficient, the feeding amount must be sufficient. And lobster feed is plant and animal feed. Plant-based feed includes wheat, aquatic plants, rapeseed cake, etc., and animal-based feed includes miscellaneous fish, miscellaneous meat, and livestock internal organs, etc. Normally, determine the feeding time, feeding amount, and feeding method according to the lobster's habit of hiding by day and coming out at night and the shrimp density in the pond.
Finally, do a good job of scientific harvesting. Under suitable temperature and sufficient feed, juvenile shrimp generally reach commercial size in 60—90 days. Stock fry in March, start rotational harvesting around June, selling the large and keeping the small.
With the continuous development of our country's farming industry, more and more people are farming shrimp, but the techniques for farming shrimp all differ, so greenhouse shrimp farming is also a relatively well-developed farming project at present, and farmers can exchange and learn from each other.