How to do daily disinfection well in healthy tilapia farming

Healthy tilapia farming is a major matter that determines whether the expected economic results can be achieved, and it is even a major matter concerning the health of consumers. The key to doing this work well is to strengthen the awareness of balancing resource utilization and environmental protection.

For the aquatic products produced, attention should be paid to having the basic conditions for standardized, normalized, and industrialized production. Hidden health hazards must also be eliminated from daily management, for example by doing well the disinfection work that is easily overlooked. First, do a good job of disinfecting the farming site. This includes disinfecting pond water with quicklime or splashing bleaching powder over the whole pond, and clearing the pond by the dry method with quicklime or bleaching powder. Exposure to blazing sun and freezing can kill many pathogens and parasite eggs, create a good habitat for fish, and is one of the very important measures for increasing production. Second, there is disinfection of feeding grounds and tools. During seasons when fish diseases are prevalent, feeding grounds should also be disinfected regularly and attention should constantly be paid to feeding hygiene; splashing bleaching powder aqueous solution is a relatively effective method. Production tools, especially those that contact diseased fish or dead fish, must be soaked and disinfected with a 5% bleaching powder aqueous solution. In addition to thoroughly disinfecting water bodies, feeding grounds, and tools with drugs such as quicklime and bleaching powder, fry and fingerling disinfection must also be maintained. Before fish fingerlings are put into the pond, they should be disinfected by medicated soaking. Before disinfection, sampling inspection should first be carried out to check the pathogen situation on the fish body, and corresponding drugs should be used in a targeted way for disinfection. Usually a medicated bath method is used, that is, putting the fish into a relatively high-concentration medicinal solution and bathing them for a certain period of time to kill pathogens on the fish body. Generally, the fish body should first be checked to determine the type of pathogen to be killed, and then a suitable drug should be selected. The length of the medicated bath time should be flexibly controlled according to fish size, species, water temperature, type and concentration of the medicinal solution, and the tolerance of the fish. According to the general dosage for disinfecting fish, soak with 2%-5% salt for 5 minutes, or soak with bleaching powder aqueous solution for 10-30 minutes. During seasons when fish diseases are prevalent, feeding grounds should also be disinfected regularly and attention should constantly be paid to feeding hygiene; splashing bleaching powder aqueous solution is a relatively effective method. During routine management, utensils and nets should also be disinfected regularly. In tilapia farming, the most commonly used drugs for disinfection and prevention of fish diseases are: 1. Salt: prepare a concentration of 2%-4%, soak for 5-10 minutes, mainly to prevent diseases such as trichodiniasis and dactylogyriasis. 2. Copper sulfate: use a concentration of 8-10 grams per cubic meter of water, soak for 10-20 minutes, mainly to prevent protozoan diseases such as trichodinids parasitic on the fish body surface. 3. Bleaching powder: use a concentration of 10-20 grams per cubic meter of water, soak for 10-15 minutes. The specific time can be flexibly controlled according to water temperature and fish activity. It can prevent bacterial fish diseases on the body surface and gills. 4. Trichlorfon: use a concentration of 10 grams per cubic meter of water, soak for 15 minutes, and it can prevent some protozoan, dactylogyrid, and gyrodactylid diseases. 5. Bleaching powder and copper sulfate (10:8) mixture: soak for 10-20 minutes, and during medication observe fish activity to determine the medication time. It mainly prevents bacterial skin diseases, gill diseases, and skin and gill diseases caused by most protozoa. From the perspective of sterilization purposes, quicklime and bleaching powder are the two most economical, and for insecticidal drugs, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture is used more often.

For feeding medicated bait, because the drug must be mixed into the bait for feeding, artificial pellet feed generally mixes the drug, fish bait, and binder in proportion to make medicated pellet bait for feeding. For Chinese herbal medicine bait, the drug can be mixed into a binder and adjusted into a paste, then spread on the grass material, and fed after it is slightly dry. Commonly used oral drugs include Yufukang type A, type B, Changyanling, allicin, and so on.