High-Efficiency Cultivation Experience of Interplanting Onions with Plastic-Film Peanuts

 I. Raising Onion Seedlings. Sow onions around August 25 of the first year (for every mu of onions planted, 0.05 mu of seedlings is needed, with a seeding rate of 0.25 kg). 2-3 days before sowing, use 25% nitrofen to control weeds in the seedbed, and pay attention to controlling underground pests during the seedling stage. Before the soil freezes, dig a temporary planting trench near the seedbed that is 50 cm wide and 20 cm deep (spread a layer of sand in the trench), tie the onion seedlings into bundles, and plant them densely in the trench for temporary planting, cover the top tightly with fine sand, and add a cover of straw to prevent cold wind from entering and damaging the onion seedlings.

II. Interplanting. 1. Making ridges and applying fertilizer. If using plastic-film peanuts interplanted with onions, in the early spring of the second year choose a plot with loose soil and irrigation conditions, create moisture and build ridges with a base width of 80-90 cm and a top width of 65 cm, and while making the ridges apply per mu 4000-5000 kg of high-quality coarse manure, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1 kg of zinc sulfate. If interplanting garlic, ridges should be made before winter (the method is the same as for interplanting onions). However, because winds are strong in winter and spring, the ridge surface is difficult to keep in its original shape, so generally the ridges should be reshaped once more with a plow before sowing in early spring. 2. Transplant onions or sow garlic at the right time. In early March of the second year (Awakening of Insects), sow garlic and cover with film promptly, or cover with film a few days before the Spring Equinox. If interplanting onions, cover with film first around the Spring Equinox, then punch holes and inject water for planting. However, whether garlic or onions, they must be planted in the middle of the ridge surface, one row per ridge. Garlic spacing is 8 cm, about 8800 plants per mu; onion spacing is 10-12 cm, about 6000 plants per mu (field management for onions and garlic is the same as in open fields). 3. Sow peanuts at the right time. Choose high-yield, disease-resistant, large-pod varieties such as Jiyou No. 4 and Haihua No. 1. From April 15-20, punch holes in the film on both sides of the onion rows or garlic rows and sow two rows of peanuts, two seeds per hole, with a hole spacing of about 16 cm, about 800 holes per mu. 4. Break the film and release seedlings promptly. Prevent high temperatures inside the film from burning the seedlings. III. Pest and Disease Control. 1. For garlic and onions, the main focus is controlling root maggots. The specific method is: in mid-May, use 500 times diluted 75% phoxim solution, or 2000 times diluted 20% chlorpyrifos-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate for root drenching control. 2. For peanuts, the main focus is controlling underground pests. Before sowing, use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 200 mL per mu to treat the soil and control underground pests. Next, at the early flowering stage, use 45% beta-cypermethrin at 25-50 mL per mu or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder at 10-20 g per mu to control aphids 1-2 times. In mid-July, spray carbendazim and thiophanate twice to control peanut leaf spot. IV. Preventing Excessive Growth and Premature Senescence. For vigorously growing peanuts, at the late full-flowering stage when plant height reaches more than 35 cm and the average length of nodes 8-12 on the first pair of lateral branches is 5 cm, apply Bq at 50-70 g per mu, mix with 60-75 kg of water, and spray on the leaves. To prevent fertilizer deficiency and premature senescence in the middle and late stages of peanuts, use 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate, or 2-3% superphosphate filtrate mixed with 1% urea, and spray on the leaves 2-3 times.