Detailed Explanation of Breeding Knowledge in Tibetan Mastiff Raising

1. When the body condition of the male and female mastiffs differs greatly, the assistant squats at the left rear side of the female mastiff, grasps the female mastiff's tail and the knee of the left hind limb with the left hand, holds the female mastiff's vulva with the right hand, and appropriately adjusts the female mastiff's vulva up and down according to the angle of penile insertion, so that the male mastiff's penis and the female mastiff's vagina are at the same horizontal position, forming “spatial alignment”, until mating is successful. When the female mastiff is small and the male mastiff is large, a concave or convex spot should be chosen in the mating ground, so that the female mastiff's hind limbs stand on the convex spot; alternatively, a thick wooden board can be laid on the flat ground of the mating ground, and the female mastiff's hind limbs can be made to stand on it, fixed in place, and then the male mastiff can be allowed to mate. If the difference in body condition is too great, the female mastiff's rear body must also be supported with a hand or the left knee so that it is not crushed. Conversely, if the male mastiff is small and the female mastiff is large, fix the female mastiff at a concave spot or place a wooden board so that the male mastiff stands higher, ensuring spatial alignment.

2. If the male mastiff is timid or has low libido. For a timid male mastiff, first, put the female mastiff to be mated into the male mastiff's kennel; under normal circumstances, a male mastiff has relatively higher libido in its own kennel. Second, first lead the male mastiff into a very quiet mating ground, then lead the female mastiff into the mating ground, and do not let people gather around to watch, so that mating can be completed smoothly. For a male mastiff with low libido, before mating, make the female mastiff stand still, and have the technician lead the male mastiff around the female mastiff so that it can smell the special odor of the estrous female mastiff. When it becomes interested in the female mastiff, lead the male mastiff to the female mastiff's side. When the male mastiff licks the female mastiff's vulva, slowly pull the female mastiff away to arouse the male mastiff's libido. For a male mastiff that mounts the female mastiff but has low libido, restrain the male mastiff a little when it mounts, letting it mount several times without success to trigger its libido. If one mating attempt is unsuccessful after several trials, let the male mastiff rest for a while first, then move the female mastiff's position to stimulate the male mastiff's libido. At the same time, timid male mastiffs and those with low libido should be given more exercise, and the causes of low libido should be identified promptly.

3. Female mastiffs with a strong nervous type and nervous female mastiffs. A female mastiff with excessively high excitability should be fitted with a muzzle or have its mouth tied with a rope before mating to prevent it from biting the male mastiff. For old female mastiffs that have never mated and female mastiffs that have not exercised or been touched for years, they are usually especially nervous and are also afraid of mating with a male mastiff during estrus. During artificial assisted mating, their skin is especially sensitive, and because the anal sphincter and vaginal muscles contract excessively, it is very difficult for the male mastiff's penis to insert and complete ejaculation. For such mastiffs, only before mating during their estrus, inject 5ml of 2% procaine deep into the muscles above the vulva and on the left and right sides (but never inject directly into the vagina, so as not to injure the male mastiff's penis). After 15-25min, when digital examination shows that the vulvar sphincter and vaginal muscles no longer contract, then carry out natural mating. This method does not affect the conception rate or litter size.

The best mating period. Correctly mastering the mating period is the key to improving the conception rate. The best mating time must be calculated according to the female dog's estrous stage. When the female dog's vulva is obviously swollen, reddened, and the first drop of blood is seen, count that as day one; days 9-13 are the best mating dates. At this time, the blood-like discharge from its vulva becomes thin, and the labia are soft. The best mating date can also be determined according to the color change of its vaginal discharge, namely, 2-3 days after the vaginal discharge changes from red to straw-like yellow is the most suitable time for mating. At this time, its labia are soft, and the previously vertical vaginal vestibule becomes straight. A small number of female dogs, due to hormonal imbalance, do not discharge blood-like secretions from the vagina during proestrus or estrus; some female dogs' blood-like secretions may also continue until the end of estrus, or even for several days into metestrus. For such female dogs, the mating date cannot be determined solely by observing whether there is vaginal bleeding. A male dog can be used for teasing, and 1-3 days after the female dog is willing to accept mating with the male dog is the best mating period. Usually, for every 2 years increase in the female dog's age or every 2 litters increase in parity, the first mating is moved forward by 1 day. Tibetan Mastiff rearing - scientific mating. Adopting scientific mating can improve the conception rate; each litter can produce 8-12 puppies, and at most up to 15.

1. Suitable mating period. Generally speaking, within days 10-13 from the day the first drop of blood flows from the female dog's vagina is the most suitable mating period. However, it may also be earlier or later depending on the individual dog. Accurately judging the best mating time for a female dog can be based on the following external behavioral characteristics: First, the vulva is swollen and softened, the discharged mucus becomes lighter, and bleeding decreases or stops; second, when pressing the female dog's waist with the hand or stroking the tail, the dog stands still and raises its tail to one side; third, the female dog actively approaches the male dog, and when the male dog mounts, the female dog actively lowers its waist, turns its hindquarters toward the male dog, deflects its tail to one side, and frequently opens and closes the vulva, allowing mating.

2. Principles of mate selection. Select male and female dogs with common advantages for mating; male and female dogs with the same disadvantages must not be mated; the most ideal is prime age with prime age, and prime age with older age; inbreeding is prohibited.

3. Mating methods. Repeat mating: within one estrous period of the female dog, mate with the same male dog twice in succession, with an interval of about 24-48 hours after the first mating before mating again, thereby improving the female dog's conception rate. Practice shows that the conception rate is 58% for only 1 mating, 72% for 2 matings, and 83% for 3 matings. The repeated mating method can increase litter size without confusing blood relationships, and is generally used by most kennels. Double mating: within one estrous period of the female dog, 2 male dogs mate with the same female dog in succession, with an interval of about 24-48 hours. Mating twice with 2 male dogs, after mating with the second male dog, can cause the female dog to supplement reflexive sexual excitement, enabling the female dog to produce more puppies. This method is mostly used in breeding meat dogs, and can obtain multi-breed crossbreeding advantages and improve growth advantages.

4. Precautions for mating. 1. Mating time is generally in the morning, when mental state is best; in winter, it should be carried out at noon, when the weather is relatively warmer. 2. Feeding is not allowed within 2 hours before and after mating, so as to avoid reflexive vomiting in the male dog during mating. 3. Mating is best carried out at the place where the female dog is kept; when male and female dogs mate, it is a stimulus to other female dogs, which can promote female dogs to come into estrus within the same period, making feeding management convenient.