Detailed Explanation of Site Selection and Layout Methods for Fragrant Pig Farms

1. Selection and layout of fragrant pig farm sites  (1) Selection of fragrant pig farm sites The selection of a farm site is the beginning of fragrant pig production, and especially for farms with a relatively large breeding scale, the selection of the site is very important. A relatively ideal fragrant pig farm site should have the following basic conditions.  

① Selection of the site location. In selecting the site location, first consider being as close as possible to feed production areas, so that feed price trends can be grasped at any time and the feed cost of raising fragrant pigs can be reduced to the greatest extent. Second, consider convenient transportation, which is beneficial both for the transport of feed and for the sales transport of commercial fragrant pigs or breeding fragrant pigs. The site should be as far as possible from villages or residents, preferably downwind of residential areas and below water sources, to prevent pollution. Do not choose a site on major traffic routes or close to livestock product processing plants.  ② Selection of the site terrain. The site should preferably be chosen in a place with relatively high terrain, convenient drainage, and shelter from the wind and facing the sun. Low-lying terrain and a damp environment easily promote the survival of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, so it should not be selected. When building a farm in mountainous areas, the site should be dry, sunny, convenient for drainage, and protected from cold winter winds; when building a farm in plains areas, relatively high terrain and convenient drainage are preferable.  ③ Selection of the site soil quality. Different types of soil often differ greatly in air content, permeability, and viscosity. Generally, they can be roughly classified by the naked eye into 4 types: gravel soil, sandy soil, clay soil, and loam. Clay soil does not easily permeate water and often becomes muddy in the rainy season, affecting the normal operation of the farm. Therefore, the site soil should preferably be sandy loam with solid soil quality and strong water permeability.  ④ Requirements of the site for water and electricity. Drinking water for fragrant pigs, washing utensils and pig houses, and greening irrigation all require large amounts of water, so the water quality must be good. Prevent sewage and the use of water containing many parasites and pathogenic microorganisms. Electricity is mainly used for lighting, feed processing equipment, and auxiliary equipment, so supply must also be guaranteed.  (2) Overall layout of the fragrant pig farm  ① Division of farm areas. The farm area is divided into several zones according to the different uses, nature, and sanitary epidemic prevention requirements of the buildings.  Production area: This is the core area of the farm. It mainly consists of breeding fragrant pig rooms, lactating sow fragrant pig rooms, growing fragrant pig production rooms, fattening fragrant pig production rooms, commercial fragrant pig rooms awaiting sale, as well as keepers' changing rooms, shower rooms, ultraviolet disinfection passages, disinfection pools, veterinary hygiene rooms, duty rooms, and manure and urine treatment systems.  Feeding management area: This mainly consists of feed processing workshops, feed warehouses, offices, repair workshops, substations, boiler rooms, pump rooms, etc.  Isolation area: The isolation area should be far from the production area and set downwind of the production area, preferably in a lower-lying place. It mainly includes veterinary laboratories, sick fragrant pig isolation rooms, carcass treatment rooms, etc.  In the construction and arrangement of the various buildings on the farm, first consider the environmental protection of the concentrated places where personnel work and live, so that they are as free as possible from pollution by feed dust, manure odor, and other wastes; second, pay attention to the sanitary epidemic prevention of the fragrant pig herd, and try to eliminate pollution of the production area by sources. Therefore, in the zoning arrangement, consider which should be arranged upwind and which downwind, so that the flow of people and materials is reasonable and cross-contamination is prevented.  ② Overall layout of the farm. The overall layout of the farm should take the production area as the center. The production area is actually the fragrant pig rooms (houses), which are determined according to the physiological characteristics of fragrant pigs at different growth stages and their different environmental requirements. Generally, they can be divided into 5 types: boars and open sows mating houses, pregnant sow houses, farrowing houses, nursery piglet houses, and growing-fattening pig houses. Among them, boar houses and open-sow mating houses are preferably open-front or semi-open-front with an exercise yard; pregnant sow houses can be enclosed with windows or open-front; farrowing sow houses and nursery piglet houses are enclosed with windows and equipped with heat prevention in summer and insulation equipment in winter.