How to meet the nutritional needs of sows during the breeding period
Feeding and management of open (non-pregnant) sows
The task of open sows. During this period, for various reasons, sows consume a great deal of various nutrients in their bodies, and most are relatively thin and weak. Therefore, nutrition must be strengthened to quickly restore body condition, meeting their needs for protein, energy, vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
Feeding methods for open sows. Feeding methods vary from pig to pig. Gilts generally use the short-term flushing method, with the most obvious effect achieved by increasing feed 10 to 14 days before mating; thinner open sows use the method of restoring body condition plus flushing before mating, first restoring body condition to 60% to 70% of the mating body condition, but not too fat. Then switch to a basic-nutrition feed of medium to low energy, with appropriate flushing for a few days before and after mating.
Management of open sows. Ensure plenty of sunlight and fresh air, clean the pig house frequently, keep the pig house and the pigs' bodies clean and hygienic, and also provide appropriate exercise.
Feeding and management of pregnant sows
Doing a good job of feeding and management of pregnant sows can prevent stillbirths and miscarriages, produce a large number of high-quality piglets, lay the foundation for smooth lactation during the nursing period, and is also a key link in improving the economic returns of sow farming. Because during this period the fetus grows continuously, the uterus and other organs develop, and nutrients must be stored for postpartum lactation, more nutrition is needed.
Pay attention to two key periods for pregnant sows. The first key period is around 20 days after the sow is pregnant, when nutrition must be met, stimulation prevented, and disease prevented. The second key period is around 90 days after the sow is pregnant, when nutrition must be strengthened and feed volume compressed, that is, gradually reduce green and coarse feed, increase concentrated feed, and preferably appropriately increase a portion of animal-based feed.
Feeding methods for pregnant sows. There are mainly three methods: "grasp both ends and look after the middle", "coarse first then fine", and "increase by stages". The sow's daily ration must have a certain volume and comprehensive nutrition, so that it both gives the sow a feeling of fullness and does not press on the fetus. Laxative-type feed (such as wheat bran) should be appropriately increased to prevent constipation leading to miscarriage. The daily ration must be diversified, with both good palatability and comprehensive nutrition. After 3 months, the amount of green and coarse feed should be limited, feeding of inferior feed is prohibited, and feeding thick mash or dry feed is advocated, with a sufficient supply of drinking water.
Key management points for pregnant sows. Provide appropriate exercise in mid-pregnancy, and in late pregnancy (1 month before farrowing) exercise less and rest more; raise them in individual pens, and ensure fresh air and good hygiene inside the house.