How to prevent and treat diarrhea and enteritis in roe deer farming?
Diarrhea and enteritis occur in very few nursing roe deer fawns, and occasionally in adult roe deer. The causes of diarrhea and enteritis in roe deer are: roe deer sometimes not suckling properly; too much concentrate feed, causing indigestion; sudden consumption of succulent green feed with too high a water content, etc. The symptoms of diarrhea and enteritis in roe deer are listlessness, reduced or complete loss of appetite, thin feces that are dark green or grayish white and foul-smelling; in the later stage, the eyeballs sink in, the animal responds slowly, the limbs become uncoordinated, and it becomes exhausted; if treatment is not timely, death occurs from dehydration and acidosis. In adult roe deer, feeding with too high a water content, too much concentrate feed, or consumption of lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album) and similar plants can also cause a small number of cases. Some cases of diarrhea stop naturally after one or two episodes.
Prevention and treatment of diarrhea and enteritis in roe deer
1. Ensuring newborn fawns receive colostrum promptly is the fundamental measure to prevent this disease (see the functions of colostrum).
2. Drug injection treatment:
① Norfloxacin injection, 1 ml per kg of body weight by intramuscular injection, twice daily, for 2-3 consecutive days. Veterinary antidiarrheal products such as Zhili Yiba and Huangjin No. 1, which are used for deer and sheep, should be injected according to the instructions.
② Yankexing injection, 0.2 ml per kg of body weight, by intramuscular injection, twice daily, for 2-3 consecutive days.
③ Pipemidic acid at the human dosage, plus 2 tablets each of compound B vitamins and gastric enzymes, administered orally.
④ A practical proven formula: (for human use) 2 tablets of compound B vitamins, 10 g of medicinal charcoal (oak charcoal also works), 1-2 tablets of sodium bicarbonate (not needed if there is no bloating), 2 tablets of gastric enzymes, 2 tablets of sulfanilamide, 2 tablets of tannalbin, 2 tablets of dried yeast, and 2 tablets of antidiarrheal tablets (veterinary) (human versions are also acceptable). For a fawn weighing about 5 kg, administer orally in one dose, for 1-2 consecutive days. For adult roe deer, the dose can be doubled, administered orally twice daily, with obvious results. In the prevention and treatment of diarrhea and enteritis, especially the prevention and treatment of dysentery-causing pathogens, great attention should be paid and new results should be achieved. When using medication, do not rigidly stick to one prescription; if there is no effect after 2 rounds of injections and medication, the medication should be changed immediately.
Prevention and treatment of common diseases in roe deer
Roe deer have strong disease resistance and rarely get sick. If the site is small and the herd is large, crowding causes the strong to bully the weak, resulting in uneven body condition, and disease resistance declines accordingly.
1. An enclosure of two fen (about 133 sq m) should not hold more than 40 animals; that is, within 40 animals, one large enclosure can be divided into multiple small pens, but if more than 40, the large enclosure must be split into two.
2. As long as the animals are fat and healthy and are not fed moldy feed, their antibodies are strong and the infection rate is extremely low.
3. In summer, the enclosure must be kept clean, and on rainy days it must be washed clean.
4. Water troughs and feed troughs must be kept clean, and in summer they must be rinsed once a day.
5. Household disinfectants for human use can be used for disinfection during the summer dog days, once every 10-15 days, and quicklime is also good.
6. The most common disease is diarrhea, which occurs mostly in the old and weak. In addition, heatstroke and colds often occur during continuous rainy days, damp conditions, and high heat. For heatstroke, two injections of human injectable medication can cure it.
7. Fur-chewing disorder occurs mostly in winter. The reasons are: first, the enclosure is small and the herd is crowded; second, the nutrition is monotonous and there is a lack of vitamins; third, deworming was not carried out in time once each spring; fourth, in winter the animals cannot gnaw on soil, and you do not put live soil in the enclosure. Conversely, it will not occur; therefore, starting in late autumn, allocate enclosure space reasonably; in winter, add vegetable tubers, fruits, and so on. In spring, feed avermectin (according to the instructions). At any time throughout the year, pile clean soil from outside the hillside in one corner of the enclosure; yellow clay is best, as the soil contains various inorganic salts and minerals, and soil can also neutralize toxins in various foods. Following the methods above, my roe deer always have glossy fur tips and are fat and healthy.
Living habits of roe deer
1. Feeding habits: Roe deer like to eat tender twigs, buds, and leaves of shrubs and various green grasses, small berries, mushrooms, and so on. In spring, like deer, they often go to saline-alkali ground to lick salt and alkali. They generally form family groups consisting of a mother roe deer and her offspring, usually 3-5 animals, active at dawn and dusk, feeding on grass, mushrooms, and berries.
2. Reproduction: Male roe deer join the group only in midsummer, one male to one female; mating occurs in July-August. During the breeding period, the male chases the female in circles, leaving ring-shaped tracks on the ground. The gestation period is 8 months. Before giving birth, the mother drives away the fawns born the previous year and enters dense forest to give birth. Fawns are born from March to June, 1-2 young per litter. If 2 young are born in one litter, the birth sites are 10-20 m apart, and they are nursed separately. Ten days after birth, the mother leads the newborn fawns back to the group. Sexual maturity is reached at 1.5-2 years.
3. Lifespan: In the wild, roe deer live 10-12 years, with a maximum of up to 17 years. The antlers shed each year in November-December, new antlers grow in February-March, and the antlers are fully grown in April-May.
Roe deer farming techniques
1. Building housing: The roe deer enclosure should be chosen on flat, high, dry, well-ventilated, sunny ground with good drainage. The roe deer shed should face south, consisting of two parts, a shed and an exercise yard. Each animal should occupy 2-2.5 [units of area], and the perimeter should be enclosed with wooden poles or bricks into a 2 m high fence or wall. In one corner of the exercise yard, set up feed troughs and water troughs. Outside the fence, trees can be planted for shade.
2. Feed: Wild roe deer have a wide food source. Various broadleaf tree leaves, wild weeds, crop straw, vegetables, and fruit peels are all feed they like. Feeding 20% leguminous forage (such as alfalfa) is better, but do not feed aquatic plants, to prevent diarrhea, enteritis, and so on. The feed ratio should preferably be 95% roughage and 5% concentrate. During the mating period, gestation period, and lactation period, appropriately increase some concentrate feed and protein-rich feed. After fawns are 7 days old, they may eat soil, so clean soil from semi-shaded ground should be piled inside the shed for them to eat freely.
3. Feeding
① Fixed times: feed 3 times a day, at 7 a.m., 12 noon, and 6 p.m. respectively.
② Fixed amount: roe deer eat little; the daily ration for an adult roe deer is 1.5 kg of roughage and 100 g of concentrate.
③ Fixed water: provide sufficient clean water without interruption, allowing the roe deer to drink freely; in winter, they should drink warm water.
4. Disease prevention: Roe deer have strong disease resistance and rarely get sick, but it is still necessary to prevent disease before it occurs. Clean the enclosure every day and remove feces. In spring and summer, disinfect the roe deer shed once a week with caustic soda or a 20% lime milk solution. Wash feed troughs and water troughs every day. Do not feed moldy or spoiled feed, and do not feed aquatic plants. Common diseases of roe deer include diarrhea, enteritis, and so on; once discovered, they can be treated according to routine methods.
5. Marketing: Market at the appropriate time. Fawns are weaned at 60 days, and after weaning they can be sold as breeding roe deer. Commercial roe deer are mostly males and culled animals. Attention should be paid to selection to maintain a superior breeding herd.
I think many people are not particularly familiar with roe deer. Precisely because people do not know much about them, market demand for them is not very high either, so roe deer farming still has great market potential to be tapped.