Methods for the Prevention and Treatment of Pneumonia in Masked Palm Civet Farming

Pneumonia is a relatively common disease among respiratory system diseases, and is an acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi and lungs. Pneumonia can be divided according to the nature of the disease and the site of occurrence into lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia; in masked palm civets, bronchopneumonia is relatively common. When masked palm civets experience sudden climate changes, cold stimulation, air pollution, or disrupted feeding management that lowers the body's resistance, they often catch colds, which then develop into tracheitis and bronchopneumonia. The incidence of pneumonia is relatively high in cubs. Canine distemper, pasteurellosis, and other diseases can all be accompanied by pneumonia. (Clinical symptoms) At the beginning of the disease, symptoms of cold and acute bronchitis appear, with a dry cough that later becomes a wet cough; auscultation reveals various rales, which then trigger pneumonia. Sick civets are depressed, unwilling to move, lie down, have poor appetite or stop eating entirely, cough more severely, discharge serous or purulent nasal fluid, have a body temperature rising above 40°C, a dry nose mirror, congested and reddened mucous membranes, shallow and difficult breathing, dry and wet rales audible in the lungs, and a rapid heartbeat. The course of the disease is 10-15 days; if not treated promptly, it mostly ends in death.  The pathological changes of pneumonia are found in the lung parenchyma of the affected bronchial branch areas, especially in the anterior-lower part of the lungs, presenting as one lesion or a group of lesions measured in units of pulmonary lobules; the lung tissue is firm and contains no air, initially dark red, later grayish red, and when a piece of affected lung tissue is cut out and placed in water, it sinks immediately. The cut surface of the lung shows various colors depending on the degree of the lesion, and when squeezed, bloody or serous fluid flows out; around the inflammatory lesions, compensatory emphysema can almost always be seen. (Diagnosis 1: A diagnosis can be made based on climate changes, clinical symptoms, the occurrence of infectious diseases, and pathological changes.    Prevention and treatment of pneumonia: antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. Select drugs according to the causative agent and bacterial species. Amikacin sulfate (amikacin) 2 ml can be injected intramuscularly, twice a day for 3 consecutive days; compound sulfamethoxazole injection 2 ml can be injected at the Feishu acupoint; cephalosporin can also be used at 10-15 mg/kg body weight, or ampicillin (ampicillin) at 5-10 mg/kg body weight, or penicillin G potassium at 40,000 units/kg body weight, injected intravenously, combined with intramuscular injection of amikacin or gentamicin at 1—1.5 mg/kg body weight, twice a day for 3—5 consecutive days. Usually, attention should be paid to good hygiene, keeping the civet house and activity area dry, and in winter paying attention to cold protection and warmth, as well as fresh air in the civet house. Feed a fully nutritious daily ration to enhance their own resistance and reduce the occurrence of pneumonia.