What are the technical key points for artificial breeding of yellow catfish
Yellow catfish, also known as Angsi fish and Jiangsang fish, is a warm-water fish with strong adaptability and can be farmed in various water bodies. It is easy to raise, commands a high price, and delivers good returns. Its flesh is tender and its flavor is delicious, making it a high-quality premium aquatic product that is increasingly favored by consumers.
Technical key points for artificial breeding of yellow catfish
Yellow catfish prefers to inhabit still water or slow-flowing water. Its survival temperature range is broad, generally 0°C to 39°C, with the most suitable growth water temperature being 22°C to 28°C. The most suitable pH range for the water body is 7.0 to 8.5, and the suitable dissolved oxygen level is above 3.0 mg/L. Under natural conditions, fry that have just hatched from the membrane for 3 to 5 days absorb their own yolk as nutrition. At the fry and fingerling stage, they feed on rotifers, small cladocerans, aquatic earthworms and other aquatic insects. In artificial cultivation, they can be fed minced small fish and shrimp and mollusks, and compound feed can also be given.
Yellow catfish generally reaches sexual maturity at 2 years of age for females and 3 years of age for males. The peak breeding period occurs at a water temperature of 23°C to 26°C, and the brood count is 4000 to 6000 eggs per fish. Like carp and crucian carp, it produces adhesive and demersal eggs. Under the condition of a water temperature of 24°C to 26°C, fertilized eggs generally hatch into larvae after 72 hours. The artificial farming methods for yellow catfish include monoculture and polyculture.
The main measures for monoculture are: select a pond with fresh water quality, abundant dissolved oxygen, and convenient water intake and drainage, with an area of 2 to 3 mu and a water depth of 1 to 2 m. Install the water intake and drainage screens and protective nets properly. Dredge the pond and disinfect it with quicklime and bleaching powder, then stock about 2500 to 3000 winter fingerlings of yellow catfish with a length of about 3 cm per mu, or additionally stock 100 to 200 silver carp and bighead carp with a body length of 12 cm. After stocking, feed fresh earthworms, mussel meat, small fish, small shrimp and other animal-based bait, with a daily feeding amount of 3% to 6% of the fish body weight.
In the high-temperature seasons of summer and autumn, add and change water once every 7 to 10 days, each time to a depth of 30 to 40 cm, maintaining the pond water transparency at 35 to 40 cm. To prevent fish diseases, the fingerlings must be soaked and washed with medication during stocking. Generally, use 10 ppm potassium permanganate or a 2% to 4% salt solution to soak the fingerlings for 5 to 10 minutes. During the rearing period, sprinkle bleaching powder and quicklime over the whole pond once every 15 to 20 days, so that the pond water reaches concentrations of 1.2 ppm and 10 ppm respectively. Each month, use traditional Chinese medicines such as rhubarb and isatis root at an addition rate of 0.1% to 0.4% to make medicated bait, and feed continuously for 3 to 5 days. At the same time, try to avoid injuring the fish body during catching, stocking and transportation, so as to prevent infection with saprolegniasis in the low-temperature seasons of early spring and autumn and winter. Monoculture can reach a yield of 200 to 300 kg per mu.
The polyculture method is: in water surfaces such as net enclosures and ponds where the four major Chinese carps are mainly raised, or where special aquatic products such as tilapia, river crab and soft-shelled turtle are mainly raised, stock 100 to 200 yellow catfish fingerlings of over 3 cm per mu. On the premise of not affecting the yield of the main cultured species, 20 to 30 kg of yellow catfish with a tail weight of 150 to 200 g per fish can be obtained per mu. Polyculture of yellow catfish can not only reduce the number of small miscellaneous fish and shrimp that compete with the main cultured fish for food and oxygen and increase the yield of the main cultured species, but also effectively control parasitic diseases such as anchor worms in the cultured species.
What yellow catfish eats
In natural waters, it mainly feeds on small shrimp, aquatic insects, aquatic plants, etc. In artificial cultivation, fresh live animal feed or artificial compound feed can be used. Small fish, small shrimp, snail meat, livestock and poultry offal and other animal-based bait can be minced and mixed evenly into a ball shape using native flour as a binder, then placed on a feeding platform for feeding. Special compound feed can also be used. Feeding should achieve fixed time, fixed location, fixed quality and fixed quantity. Feed about 5% of the fish body weight each day, twice a day, with 1/3 in the morning and 2/3 in the afternoon.
Nutritional value of yellow catfish
Rich in protein, it helps maintain potassium-sodium balance; eliminate edema. Improve immunity. Lower blood pressure, buffer anemia, and benefit growth and development. Rich in copper, copper is an indispensable micronutrient for human health and has an important impact on blood, the central nervous system and the immune system, hair, skin and bone tissue, as well as the development and function of internal organs such as the brain, liver and heart. Regulate osmotic pressure and maintain acid-base balance. Maintain normal blood pressure. Enhance neuromuscular excitability.
Yellow catfish is sweet and neutral in nature and flavor. It can benefit the spleen and stomach, promote urination and reduce swelling, dispel wind and sober one up, clear heat and remove fire, resolve phlegm and relieve cough, and promote lactation.
1. Edema due to water retention (acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, etc.):
3 yellow catfish, 1 small cup of mung beans, 1 garlic bulb, boil until soft, remove the fish, eat the beans, and drink the soup; salt must not be used.
2. Chronic dysentery with ulceration:
1 yellow catfish, cut open and remove the intestines and miscellaneous parts, insert 20 castor beans, seal and secure with yellow mud, place in charcoal fire and calcine while preserving its nature, remove the mud, grind into fine powder, mix with vegetable oil and apply, twice a day; before use, first wash and wipe the affected area with salt water. (This formula can also be used to treat lower limb ulceration.)
Farming techniques for raising yellow catfish
1. Pond preparation is very simple: it requires sufficient water source, fresh and pollution-free water quality, and convenient drainage and irrigation, with an area of 3-10 mu; it is best not to choose aged ponds with thick silt. Every pond must have controllable water inlet and outlet. The water depth should be below 2 m, which is beneficial to the feeding of yellow catfish. Before releasing fish, disinfect the pond with lime or bleaching powder. On the 2nd day after pond disinfection, add water to 0.8-1.0 m. On the 3rd-4th day, add an appropriate weight of fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to breed natural bait. After the toxicity has completely disappeared, release the fingerlings and fill the pond with water.
2. Fingerling stocking: whether the seedlings are caught from natural waters or artificially bred, the fingerlings are required to be disease-free and injury-free, robust in constitution, and basically uniform in size, generally about 15 g per fish. The stocking period is between March and April, with 1000-1500 fish per mu. For the accompanying species, it is not advisable to use omnivorous bottom-dwelling fish such as carp, crucian carp and tilapia, whose living habits are roughly similar to those of yellow catfish, so as to avoid affecting the growth of yellow catfish.
3. Daily management: insist on patrolling the pond three times in the morning, noon and evening, carefully observe fish activity, feeding and growth, and handle problems promptly when found; often inject new water to prevent water quality deterioration, and also to prevent fish disease and surface gasping. It is best to inject new water of 20-30 cm every 10 days, and turn on the aerator on rainy days. Long-term feeding will make the pond water weakly acidic, which is not conducive to the growth of yellow catfish. Generally, quicklime is used to adjust the pH of the pond water.
4. During transportation, stocking and catching of fingerlings, pay attention to operation to avoid injury to the fish due to collisions. When using medication, pay attention to strictly controlling the dosage. Yellow catfish is relatively sensitive to drugs such as copper sulfate and trichlorfon, and especially should be used with caution.
I think everyone is very familiar with yellow catfish. Many people like to eat yellow catfish because its nutritional value is very high, and it also has very few bones, so it is very suitable for some elderly people and children to eat, and the fish has a high protein content, so many people like to eat it.