Prevention and Treatment of Common Obstetric Diseases in Fox Breeding

1. Miscarriage

In early pregnancy, miscarriage shows no obvious symptoms; in late pregnancy there is loss of appetite, listlessness, frequent licking of the vulva, and some foxes expel underdeveloped fetuses, while others discharge only a small amount of filthy or red clumpy material, and in some cases it is absorbed by the fox itself.

Treatment: ① For those showing signs, intramuscular injection of compound vitamin B2, intramuscular injection of 1% progesterone, 0.3-0.5 ml each time, for 2 consecutive injections; or use 0.5 ml of 1% progesterone and 1 ml of vitamin E, intramuscularly, once daily for 2 consecutive days. ② To prevent complications, penicillin 400,000 units or 1 ml of 20% sulfadiazine may be used; or streptomycin injection, 200,000-500,000 units each time. Intramuscularly, twice daily for 3 consecutive days. ③ If there are dead fetuses, 1-2 ml of oxytocin may be injected to promote expulsion of the dead fetuses.

2. Dystocia

Treatment: Once it occurs, 0.5-1 ml of posterior pituitary extract may be injected intramuscularly in good time; if delivery still cannot proceed smoothly after 30 minutes, the injection may be repeated once; if delivery still cannot occur after 24 hours, manual assistance or cesarean section may be performed. For manual assistance, first clean and disinfect the vulva with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, then use glycerin or soybean oil as a vaginal lubricant, and use long-nosed, sparsely toothed hemostatic forceps to pull the fetus out with the assistance of the fingers.

To prevent dystocia, the nutritional content of the feed during pregnancy should be moderate, a good breeding body condition should be maintained, and the fur farm should be quiet, and the female animals must not be startled.

3. Mastitis.

Treatment: ① Penicillin 300,000 units, intramuscularly. Twice daily for 3-5 consecutive days. ② Block injection: mix 5 ml of 0.25% procaine with 300,000 units of penicillin and inject at multiple points around the mammary gland until recovery. ③ When there is local suppuration, wash with 0.1% rivanol, and inject penicillin 400,000-800,000 units intramuscularly. In severe cases, incise to drain the pus. ④ Strengthen the care of lactating female foxes; when mastitis occurs, massage or warm compresses may be used in the early stage to expel retained milk; external injuries around the mammary gland should be discovered promptly and treated promptly, and infection must be strictly prevented.

4. Agalactia

Treatment: ① Thyroxine 10 micrograms intramuscularly. Once daily for 2-3 consecutive days. ② Cuiru Ling 1 tablet, twice daily for 3 consecutive days. ③ Posterior pituitary extract 3 ml intramuscularly.

5. Endometritis

Treatment: ① Intramuscular injection of penicillin 400,000-800,000 units, twice daily. ② Norfloxacin 1-1.5 ml per kg body weight, or lactic acid ciprofloxacin 5 ml per animal. ③ Wash the vagina or uterus with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 0.3% rivanol solution; Jie'eryin may also be used to wash and disinfect the vagina or uterus. ④ Before mating, disinfect the cages and pens with a blowtorch flame, and wipe the prepuce of the male breeding animal and the vulva of the female animal clean with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 0.3% rivanol solution; this can prevent the occurrence of the disease.

At ordinary times, the sanitation management of the fox farm should be strengthened; before mating, the cages and pens should be disinfected once with a blowtorch flame; before mating, the prepuce of the male breeding fox and the vulva of the female fox should preferably be wiped once with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 0.3% rivanol solution to eliminate sources of infection.

6. Pregnancy reaction

Prevention and treatment: ① To help the fox recover its appetite as quickly as possible, the feed varieties may be adjusted, that is, let the pregnant female fox eat whatever it wants; feathered chickens, incubated eggs, eggs, milk, beef, liver, etc. may be fed alternately, so that it can eat a little food every day and endure the discomfort of these few days. ② Treat with stomachic drugs; Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets may be taken orally, 1 tablet each time, twice daily; while taking the medicine, inject compound vitamin B intramuscularly, 2 ml each time, twice daily.

7. Gardnerella vaginalis disease

Prevention and treatment: ① Twenty days before mating, florfenicol injection may be given intramuscularly, 6-15 mg/kg body weight, once daily for 7 consecutive days; or 10% florfenicol powder, add 100 g of the drug per ton of feed, and at the same time add 150 g of doxycycline, and feed continuously for 14 days. At the same time, use Gardnerella vaginalis inactivated vaccine, 1 ml intramuscularly per animal; in order to prevent cross-infection during mating, for each mating, inject 1 g of ampicillin intramuscularly into the left side of the neck and 40,000 units of gentamicin intramuscularly into the right side of the neck per animal, which can effectively prevent empty pregnancy and miscarriage caused by Gardnerella vaginalis infection. ② At present, the fox Gardnerella vaginalis aluminum gel inactivated vaccine has been applied in fox farms in our country. The vaccine has reliable immune effect, with a protection rate of 92% and an immunization period of 6 months. Before the first use of this vaccine, it is best to conduct quarantine of the whole group; healthy foxes detected should be vaccinated immediately, and diseased foxes detected should be pelted and culled, or vaccinated after 1.5 months of drug treatment. ③ Aborted fetuses must not be touched by hand; cages, pens, and ground contaminated by the filthy material flowing from the vagina of aborted foxes should be thoroughly disinfected with a blowtorch or lime.

8. Parvovirus disease

Prevention and treatment: ① Treat foxes that develop the disease early in a timely manner; inject canine immunoglobulin injection intramuscularly, 1 vial/day for young foxes and 2 vials/day for adult foxes, for 2-3 consecutive days, and comprehensive treatment may be combined with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antiemetic, and other drugs. Gentamicin 20,000 international units/kg, dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg, mixed and injected intramuscularly, 2 times/day; vitamin K3 0.3 mg/kg or hemostatic injection 0.5 ml/kg, intramuscularly. ② When the bloody stool in the abdomen has been emptied, the animal begins to drink water, and no longer vomits, Shuanghuanglian oral liquid 10-20 ml may be used for a one-time deep enema, with relatively good effect. ③ Use isotonic glucose saline with 5% sodium bicarbonate injection for intravenous infusion; the amount and frequency of fluid replacement should be determined according to the degree of dehydration, and antibiotics, vitamins, etc. should be appropriately selected. ④ Strengthen feeding management and improve sanitation. Fox houses, sites, utensils, etc. should be disinfected regularly with 2% caustic soda water or 10%-20% bleaching powder, etc.