Reasons for Low Fertility in Yellow Cattle and Scientific Solutions

Yellow cattle are a native cattle breed of China. Their numbers raised in China rank first among all large livestock or among cattle, and they are raised in almost every region nationwide. A native ordinary yellow cattle breed of China. Their numbers raised in China rank first among large livestock or cattle, and yellow cattle are raised in nearly every region nationwide. In farming areas they are mainly used for draft purposes, in semi-farming semi-pastoral areas for both draft and milk, and in pastoral areas for both milk and meat. Low fertility in yellow cattle affects production efficiency, so farmers must ensure the fertility of yellow cattle. So how can the fertility of yellow cattle be improved? Here are a few key points.

Select the best and cull the inferior to improve fertility. To improve the fertility of cows, strict breeding selection must be carried out, selecting high-quality cows with good appearance and conformation, good health, a gentle temperament, good mothering ability, obvious estrus symptoms, a high conception rate at the first estrus, a short interval to the first postpartum estrus, a low abortion rate, and a high calving rate, in short, good reproductive performance. Cull inferior cattle that are small in body size, poor in mothering ability, have bad habits, a rough temperament, are overly sensitive nervously, show no obvious estrus symptoms, have returned to estrus continuously more than 3 times, are sick or disabled, are older in age, have declining production performance, and poor reproductive performance. Through improvement and selecting the best while culling the inferior, gradually establish a cow herd with excellent reproductive performance. Strengthen feeding management and pay close attention to the body condition of cows. A nutrition level that is too high or too low will have varying degrees of impact on cow estrus, conception, embryo quality, reproductive system function, endocrine balance, and various complications during calving. Therefore, according to the different physiological characteristics of cows and the requirements of their growth and production stages, implement scientific feeding, mainly based on roughage, with a reasonable combination of concentrate, green feed and roughage, strictly control body weight, promote normal estrus and mating in cows, and improve the conception rate of cows. Shorten the open period and improve the reproduction rate. After a cow comes into estrus, correctly judge each stage of estrus and choose the most suitable time for timely insemination and mating. According to the reproductive physiological characteristics of cattle, the ideal is to produce 1 calf per year, and the postpartum uterine recovery of a cow generally requires 30 to 40 days. Therefore, 40 days postpartum is a critical period for cow reproduction, and management should be intensified in a focused way, such as carrying out drug treatment after calving to promote uterine involution and recovery of ovarian reproductive function, providing scientific feeding and management conditions, and creating a suitable environment. If a cow still does not come into estrus 50 days after calving, the cow's health, nutritional status, ovaries and uterus should be examined and treated in a timely manner to prevent open and infertile periods. Drugs and other methods can also be used to induce estrus and increase the mating rate of cows. Strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant cows and improve the calving rate. Within two months of cow pregnancy, the embryo is in a free state in the uterus and gradually completes the implantation process, and the fetus transitions from relying on uterine milk secreted by the endometrium for nutrition to absorbing maternal nutrients through the placenta. During this period, if the feeding level of the pregnant cow is too low, especially when feed quality is poor, uterine milk secretion will be insufficient, which will affect embryo development and cause embryo death; in the later stage of pregnancy, because the fetus grows and develops rapidly, the demand for nutrients increases greatly. If feeding is not strengthened during this period and the diet lacks or is incomplete in nutrients, it is very easy to cause abortion or premature birth in cows. If the feeding level is too high, it will cause cows to give birth to weak calves, stillbirths, or dystocia. Among nutrients, the satisfaction of protein, minerals and vitamins is especially important. Prevent feeding rotten and spoiled, excessively acidic, frost-damaged, or toxic feed and ice-cold drinking water; pregnant cows should be managed reasonably, exercised appropriately, and strictly protected from fright, slipping and falling, whipping, head-butting and fighting, and for those with a history of abortion, protection measures should be strengthened. If necessary, miscarriage-prevention drugs or injections such as “progesterone” can be used to prevent miscarriage. Scientific feeding and management to improve calf survival rate. Strengthening the feeding and management of pregnant cows, especially in the later stage of pregnancy, helps improve the birth weight and survival rate of calves. Newborn calves have no immunity. Only after eating colostrum, through which immunoglobulins in colostrum are absorbed through the intestinal tract into the blood, do calves gain immunity, so the time for eating colostrum after birth should be as early as possible. To reduce calf mortality and raise healthy calves, newborn calves must be given colostrum within two hours after birth and should eat as much as possible. After 7 to 10 days from birth, calves can be trained to eat concentrate and high-quality roughage to promote the development and functional soundness of the calf's stomach and intestines, and to prepare for weaning in advance. Prevent calves from lying on cold, wet ground and from eating unclean food, prevent diseases such as diarrhea, and improve calf survival rate.