What are the prevention and treatment methods for necrobacillosis in deer?
I. Epidemic characteristics
Necrobacillosis in deer mostly occurs in deer herds in autumn and winter. During the autumn breeding period, male deer suffer hoof injuries from butting, and during the lactation period and grouping period, young deer suffer trampling injuries to the hooves, leading to infection and disease. In addition, when the exercise yard is uneven, has foreign objects, standing water or mud, infection and disease are likely to occur.
II. Clinical symptoms
Sick deer show lameness, with visible redness and swelling of the interdigital space, followed by redness, swelling and sensitivity of the coronary band, and local necrosis occurs. The necrotic tissue continuously expands, and soon ruptures and discharges foul-smelling pus and necrotic tissue. If not treated in time, the swelling continues to spread to the metacarpus, and ulcerative necrosis forms on the lip mucosa and gingival mucosa, which does not heal for a long time. As the necrosis progresses, the deer show listlessness, reduced appetite, a tendency to lie down, emaciation and death.
III. Prevention
1. Strengthen regular and irregular disinfection work, keep the pens clean and sanitary, and limit bacterial reproduction.
2. Keep the ground level and keep the skin and mucosa intact to prevent bacterial invasion.
3. Do not feed feed with awns or spines. When grouping or moving deer herds, proceed steadily to prevent deer from trampling and colliding with each other.
4. Control and protect the deer herd to prevent butting.
5. When this disease is found, isolate and treat promptly, and do a good job of isolation and disinfection.
IV. Treatment
A combination of local and systemic treatment should be adopted. Specific methods: shave the hair around the affected area, clean and disinfect it, remove local necrotic tissue, pus and foreign objects, rinse the wound surface with a mixture of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5% iodine tincture in a 1:20 ratio or with 3% potassium permanganate solution, then sprinkle on iodine tincture or an equal amount of boric acid powder (or Detox Powder or Tissue-Generating Powder). Potassium permanganate powder can also be used, then bandage it. Change the dressing once every 2-3 days. For severe cases, 0.25% procaine 20 ml, sulfadiazine injection 20 ml, and streptomycin 100 units can be used for hoof nerve block, with remarkable efficacy.
Systemic therapy: 10% glucose injection 500 ml, caffeine sodium benzoate 10 ml, methenamine injection 20 ml, and sulfadiazine injection 20 ml can be used for a single intravenous injection, with good results. Antibiotic treatment can also be used. When decreased appetite is found, ginger tincture can be administered orally.