Cattle Farm Construction Pictures and Detailed Explanation of Manure Treatment Methods
As the saying goes “in all 360 trades, every trade produces its master”. Many jobs in the world are very lucrative, and nowadays the breeding industry is a very popular one. At present, the market prices of raising chickens and pigs have been unstable, but cattle raising is very stable. But the prerequisite for raising cattle is to build a scientific cattle farm so as to meet the needs of the cattle industry.
Cattle Farm Construction Pictures
1. Foundation and walls: foundation depth 8-100 cm, brick wall thickness 24 cm, double-slope cattle shed ridge height 4.0-5.0 m, front and rear eave height 10-3.5 m. The lower part of the inner wall of the cattle shed has no wall skirting, to prevent water vapor from seeping into the wall and to improve the wall's sturdiness and thermal insulation.
2. Doors and windows: door height 2.1-2.2 m, width 2-2.5 m. Doors are generally set as double doors, and can also be set as up-and-down rolling doors. Closed-style windows should be larger, with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 1.5 m, and the window sill height is preferably 1.2 m from the ground.
3. Site area: beef cattle production, cattle farm management, workers' living quarters and other ancillary buildings require a certain amount of site and space. The size of the cattle farm can be calculated according to the area required per head of cattle, combined with long-term planning. The area of cattle sheds and other buildings is 15-20% of the total site area. Due to differences in cattle body size, production purpose, feeding methods, etc., the cattle shed area occupied per head of cattle is also different. The area required per head of fattening cattle is 1.6-4.6 sq m. For open-span fattening cattle sheds with litter, each head of cattle occupies 2.3-4.6 sq m; for those with partitions, each head of cattle occupies 1.6-2.0 sq m.
4. Roof: the most commonly used is the double-slope roof. This form of roof can be applied to cattle sheds with larger spans and can be used for various scales and types of cattle herds. This kind of roof is both economical and good for thermal insulation, and is also easy to construct.
5. Cattle beds and feed troughs: beef cattle farms mostly use group feeding with open troughs. Cattle beds are generally required to be 1.6-1.8 m long and 1.0-1.2 m wide. The slope of the cattle bed is 1.5%, and the trough end position is high. The feed trough is set in front of the cattle bed. For cattle raising, fixed cement troughs are the most suitable, with a top width of 0.6-0.8 m, a bottom width of 0.35-0.40 m, in an arc shape, with the inner edge height 0.35 m (on the side near the cattle bed) and the outer edge height 0.6-0.8 m (on the side near the walkway). For simplicity of operation and labor saving, it is best to build a combined walkway-trough design with a high walkway and low trough position. That is, the outer edge of the trough and the walkway are on the same horizontal plane.
6. Walkways and manure-urine ditches: for head-to-head feeding in double-row cattle sheds, the middle walkway is 1.4-1.8 m wide. The walkway width should be based on the feed delivery cart being able to pass through, with a depth of 0.15-0.3 m and a slope of 1:50-1:100.
Methods for Treating Cattle Manure on Cattle Farms
1. Build biogas digesters
Building biogas digesters is the best method for small cattle farms to treat cattle manure. Using cattle manure, cattle farm pollutants, etc. as raw materials, with an investment of several thousand yuan, it both solves the fuel source for the masses and fully decomposes the cattle manure. The residue and liquid of biogas are very good organic fertilizers, which can improve the intrinsic quality of melons, fruits and vegetables and reduce investment. But now small biogas digesters do not have a power generation function, and are generally suitable for small cattle farms.
2. Cattle manure organic fertilizer
Dry cattle manure contains 10-20% crude protein, 1-3% crude fat, 20-30% nitrogen-free extract, and 15-30% crude fiber. It has very high nutrient content and can become a high-quality organic fertilizer product after fermentation. It can loosen the soil, improve soil compaction, chelate trace elements in the soil, and improve soil fertility. At the same time, using cattle manure as a raw material to produce organic fertilizer has low cost, relatively stable quality, and a large market sales space.
3. Raising earthworms with cattle manure
Earthworm farming is now a new type of business, with low farming costs and good profits. It can be done using cattle manure. Cattle farms developing earthworm farming have more advantages than others, using local materials. Cattle manure does not need to be bought with money, feeding is simple, and it increases the extra income of the cattle farm. Earthworm powder is an excellent additive for feed, with a higher protein content than fish meal. Moreover, various special fertilizers produced with earthworm manure as the main raw material not only have high fertilizer efficiency, but can also inhibit the spread of crop diseases and insect pests, while also raising ground temperature and retaining water and fertilizer.
What Cattle Eat to Grow Fast
To accelerate the growth rate of beef cattle, in addition to feeding sufficient forage and feed, it is necessary to appropriately add high-nutrition forage such as okara, distillers' grains, and silage to increase the growth rate of beef cattle. However, such high-nutrition, high-protein forage all belongs to acidic feed, and an appropriate amount of soda needs to be added at the same time as feeding to neutralize stomach acid and prevent the occurrence of rumen acidosis.
How to Raise Cattle to Make Money
1. Breed selection: raising cattle well is not as good as choosing a breed well. Some breeds, no matter how well fed, simply do not show rapid weight gain in beef cattle. This reason shows that beef cattle breed plays a crucial role in the growth rate of beef cattle, so cattle raisers must be careful when choosing beef cattle breeds.
2. Feed matching: corn stalks, wheat stalks, soybean stalks, peanut vines, sweet potato vines, rice straw, weeds, and pasture grass all belong to roughage, while cornmeal, wheat bran, soybean cake, distillers' grains, rapeseed cake, and okara all belong to concentrate. They should be reasonably matched according to the weight and breed of the beef cattle.
3. Epidemic prevention management: epidemic prevention management on cattle farms is not only beneficial for growth, but also reduces the occurrence of diseases, indirectly increasing profits. Improper management is the direct cause of losses and failure, and should not be underestimated. Trying to mend the fold after a sheep is lost is absolutely not advisable, and cattle raisers should pay attention to this point.
4. Sales price: whether the price at the time of sale is high or low depends on region, breed, body condition, market conditions, etc. If each head of cattle sells for 0.2 yuan less per jin, then beef cattle of more than 1000 jin sell for 200 yuan less, and 100 head sell for 20,000 yuan less. This seems very small, but when the quantity is large, the value is very great.
We mentioned above that the prerequisite for raising cattle is the need to build a scientific cattle farm. In addition, there are many factors affecting farming profits, such as choosing relatively high-quality breeds and the feed needed for cattle growth, both of which are very crucial.