A Detailed Guide to Rainbow Trout Farming Techniques and Farming Conditions
The flesh of rainbow trout is very delicious and nutritious, and it has few bones and plenty of meat, which is deeply loved by many mothers, so many fish farmers also choose this excellent fish species to raise. The artificial breeding of rainbow trout is simple, and it is known as one of the four excellent freshwater aquaculture species. How should this high-grade fish be raised?
Rainbow Trout Farming Techniques
1. The rainbow trout has an elongated spindle-shaped body, a rounded snout, and small round scales. The back and head are pale blue or dark gray, and the lower abdomen is silvery white. There are scattered small black dots on the sides of the body, the back, and the fins. Sexually mature individuals have a purplish-red band resembling a rainbow along the lateral line in the middle of the flank (hence the name rainbow trout), extending to the base of the caudal fin.
2. Rainbow trout is a cold-water fish and requires growing in flowing water that is clear, has a gravel bottom, and is rich in oxygen. Its living water temperature is 5-24°C, the suitable water temperature is 7-18°C, and the most suitable growth water temperature is 13-18°C. Within the suitable water temperature range, rainbow trout feed vigorously and grow rapidly, and the body can maintain a good metabolic state.
3. When the water temperature of the living environment is below 7°C or above 20°C, rainbow trout stop feeding, the body weakens, and death may occur. In natural waters, if the water volume is plentiful and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient, it can still tolerate water temperatures above 24°C, but under farm conditions, a water temperature of around 22°C carries a risk of death.
Rainbow Trout Farming Conditions
1. Temperature. This is an important condition. The water temperature in all four seasons is best at 12-18°C, and the highest summer water temperature must not exceed 24°C. Dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen in the water should be above 7 mg/L, and at the lowest it generally should not be below 5 mg/L. Water flow rate. A relatively large flow rate is required. The larger the flow rate, the larger the farming scale and the higher the output. Generally, a flow rate of 1 liter of water per second has a production capacity of 100-200 kg.
2. The water quality is required to be clean, pollution-free, and free of mud and sand. Pond shape. The shapes of rainbow trout ponds vary from place to place, but rectangular ones are the most common. Generally, the length-to-width ratio is 8:1--10:1, and an appropriate ratio can be determined according to the terrain. A certain slope (1/50--1/100) should be maintained from the inlet to the outlet to facilitate water exchange and waste discharge. Ponds can be arranged in a stepped, cascading layout using the terrain between ponds.
3. Pond construction. The pond structure is brick-concrete, and the inner walls are smoothed with cement. The inlet and outlet are set at the upper middle part of the pond to facilitate maintaining the water level. At the same time, both the inlet and outlet must be fitted with grates to prevent fish from escaping.
Prospects for Rainbow Trout Farming
1. Rainbow trout is a fish with high protein, high fat, and extremely low cholesterol. Because of its good quality and high nutritional value, it helps improve brain function, prevent cardiovascular and other diseases, and can effectively resist chronic diseases such as diabetes and certain types of cancer, so it has high food value and health value. At present, rainbow trout has become a mainstream aquatic food for people in countries such as Europe and the United States, and has been rated by the Chinese Nutrition Society as “the best brain-health food recommended to the people of the whole country.”
2. Global annual demand for rainbow trout is about 5 million tons, and annual output is about 1 million tons. At present, domestic annual demand for rainbow trout is about 130,000 tons, while annual output is about 10,000 tons. With the rapid development of the national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, it is expected that the annual demand for cold-water fish will increase at a rate of 35%-40%. At present, the supply-demand gap is large, and reliance is mainly on imports. Therefore, from the perspective of international and domestic market demand, there is still great room for the development of rainbow trout, and the market prospects are very promising.
How to Make Rainbow Trout Grow Faster in Farming
1. The best way to make them grow fast is to create an environment suitable for rainbow trout. They like to inhabit waters that are clear, have relatively low water temperature, have more dissolved oxygen, and have abundant flow. The extreme living temperature for rainbow trout is 0-30°C, the suitable living temperature is 12-18°C, and the optimal growth temperature is 16-18°C. Below 7°C or above 20°C, appetite decreases and growth slows, and above 24°C feeding stops.
2. Afterward, it gradually weakens and dies. It has high requirements for dissolved oxygen in the water. Dissolved oxygen below 3 mg/L is the lethal point, and below 4.3 mg/L, “gasping for air” appears and death begins. When dissolved oxygen is below 5 mg/L, the respiratory rate increases.
Rainbow trout still has such high requirements for water sources. At the same time, everyone needs to pay key attention to this during the process of farming rainbow trout. The healthy growth of rainbow trout is crucial to farming rainbow trout, and it will also bring considerable economic benefits.