What conditions are needed for sturgeon farming? A complete analysis of farming techniques
Sturgeon is the oldest fish in the world, and it is also the largest existing fish species in the world today. For this rather valuable fish species, many people have only heard of it, and few have actually seen it. However, as people's understanding of the value of sturgeon has developed, market demand has continued to increase, and many people have begun to farm sturgeon artificially. Below we will introduce some of the conditions and techniques for farming sturgeon.
Sturgeon farming conditions
1. Pond conditions
The pond specification is 4 mu, the pond bottom is sandy, each pond is provided with an independent inlet and outlet and a fixed feeding point, the bottom of the feeding point is a cement concrete bottom and is smoothed, the area should preferably be 6-8 sq m, and a shade net is installed above. The water source is gravity-fed mountain stream water, the annual water temperature is 18-24°C, and the water volume is abundant, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free. There is an independent water supply, new water can be added irregularly, and full drainage is possible.
2. Stocking conditions
Before stocking, thoroughly clean the farming pond, install the blocking nets, and disinfect with a 30-50 mg/cubic m potassium permanganate solution. After disinfection, clean the pond, add water and wait for stocking the fry. Select fry that are disease-free, uninjured, robust and lively, and uniform in size for stocking, with a body length of 10-15 cm, and stock 600-1000 fry per mu.
3. Feed conditions
Start feeding on the third day after the fish have settled, feeding loach, small shrimp and chicken meat. If the loach is too large, it should be cut into sections, mainly in sizes that can be easily sucked into the mouth in one go.
Sturgeon farming techniques
1. The feeding amount and feeding method vary specifically according to weather conditions. For the feeding amount, feed at 5%-7% of fish body weight in the early stage, and feed at 4%-5% of fish body weight in the later stage, with specifics depending on the feeding situation. Feed 2-4 times per day. At each feeding, evenly scatter the feed into the pond at fixed times and in fixed amounts.
2. Water quality management requires fresh water, with sewage discharged once a day, and transparency maintained at about 30 cm. During the fry stage, clean the pond once every 7 days, and during the adult fish stage, clean the pond once every 15 days, keeping the pond clean and the water flow unobstructed. The water level is maintained at 0.3-0.4 cm during the fry stage and 0.4-0.6 cm during the adult fish stage. The water exchange rate is 3-4 times/hour during the fry stage and 2-3 times/hour during the adult fish stage. During farming, the dissolved oxygen should preferably be 6.68-10.48 mg/L, the pH value 7.78-8.56, and the average temperature 10.1-22.3°C.
3. Daily management: observe fish activity and feeding conditions at any time, remove residual bait promptly, and keep daily records of weather, water temperature, feeding, disease prevention and fish growth sampling.
Prevention and control of common sturgeon diseases
1. Sturgeon trichodiniasis
Symptoms and causes: The pathogen is Trichodina. Because too many pathogens parasitize the fish body and gill rakers, the fish become weak, swim sluggishly, stop feeding, and grow slowly, and in severe cases die in large numbers.
Prevention and control method: Soak in 5% salt water for about 1 hour, then use flowing water culture for a relatively good effect; in addition, soaking in a 15%-25% formalin solution can also be used, but copper sulfate must not be used.
2. Sturgeon swollen mouth disease
Symptoms and causes: This disease occurs relatively often in the larval stage of Amur sturgeon. It is caused by bacteria, mainly due to feeding spoiled bait. The symptoms are a swollen mouth, congestion around it, red and swollen excretory pore, inability to move, and sometimes concurrent saprolegniasis.
Prevention and control method: Remove diseased fish promptly, clear residual bait, replace with new water, regularly disinfect the feed table, and ensure the quality of the feed.
3. Sturgeon chilodonelliasis
Symptoms and causes: The pathogen is Chilodonella. When a large number of pathogens parasitize the fish body, oral cavity and gills, it causes the diseased fish to become restless, the body surface appears as a blue-gray film, and melanin increases in the oral cavity and eyes.
Prevention and control method: There is currently no effective treatment method. The main measure taken is to transfer the diseased fish into a flowing water pond for culture, and the mortality rate can be reduced to below 4%.
How large can sturgeon grow
Sturgeon is a large and medium-sized economic fish with relatively fast growth. Usually, after hatching and about 1 month of farming, it can reach 7-10 cm. Under suitable conditions, after 9-10 months it can reach about 0.75-1 kg. Large sturgeon can weigh dozens or even hundreds of jin.
That is all for the introduction of sturgeon farming methods. We hope it can help everyone. Sturgeon farming has very strong market prospects, and sturgeon has many advantages such as wide adaptability, fast growth speed and a relatively short farming cycle.