What are the construction standards for a beef cattle farm?
SummarySite selection: The farm should be built in a place with good drainage, good ventilation and high terrain, away from factories and product trading markets, and at least 500m from major traffic routes and sources of drinking water. Site conditions: stable electricity, sufficient water, fresh air and convenient transport are required. Site area: Silage pits, forage sheds, epidemic prevention facilities, farm roads and manure treatment facilities need to be built, and the layout can be reasonably planned according to the scale of the farm.
I. Basic principles of site selection
1. Site selection
(1) The farm should be chosen in a place with high terrain, relatively good ventilation, convenient drainage and easy epidemic prevention.
(2) The farming area must be far from slaughterhouses, tanneries, mining plants, large chemical plants and other product trading markets, and at least 500m from sources of drinking water, major traffic routes, residential areas and other livestock and poultry slaughtering, processing and trading sites.
2. Site conditions
(1) Water quality: The water quality must comply with the provisions of NY5027-2001, and the water source must be stable and sufficient.
(2) Air: The air quality inside the barns in the farming area must comply with the provisions of GB/T18403, -2001.
(3) Electricity: Ensure an adequate power supply and keep generator sets in reserve.
(4) Roads: Convenient transport, with direct access to the farm.
3. Site area
(1) Fattening cattle: The building area needed for silage pits, forage sheds, epidemic prevention facilities, farm roads and manure treatment facilities is about 6-9 sq m, the cattle barn area is about 6 sq m, totaling about 12-15 sq m.
(2) Self-breeding and self-raising cattle farms: Generally, the land area per adult cow is about 15-20 sq m, per calf about 5-10 sq m, and per growing cattle about 10-15 sq m. In addition, growing cattle, breeding cattle and calves also need a certain area of exercise yard, so the building area per adult cow is about 25 sq m, per calf about 20 sq m, and per growing cattle about 13 sq m.
(3) Fully fattening cattle farms: For 1000 cattle, the building area, excluding the exercise yard, is about 12000 sq m. Generally the building area accounts for about 15-20% of the cattle farm area, so the total area of the cattle farm is about 6000-8000 sq m.
II. Beef cattle feeding and management methods
1. For the convenience of management and scheduling, housed beef cattle are generally fed about 2 times a day, but research shows that the number of feedings should be appropriately increased and the feeding duration extended, as this helps reduce the lean meat content of the carcass.
2. Beef cattle are mainly fed barley and corn; under otherwise identical feed conditions, beef cattle fed barley taste better.
3. To improve the taste of beef cattle, an appropriate amount of enzymes, such as ligninase or cellulase, can be added to the daily ration of beef cattle.
4. Poultry manure is rich in protein and, after drying and disinfection, can be used as feed for beef cattle.
5. The feed additive most commonly used for beef cattle is rumensin; to improve feed utilization, 300 kg of rumensin can be supplemented per head per day.