How to design a reasonable sow pen? Detailed explanation of common standard dimensions and design methods

AbstractThe large pen houses 200 sows, and open and pregnant sows can be kept together, with a feeding area, resting area, activity area and separation area set up. In summer, plastic netting or shade netting should be used for sealing, and in winter plastic film should be covered for insulation. Each pen is equipped with 1 plastic sprinkler head. The single sow pen dimensions are 2.5 x 4 m, and 6-8 sq m is enough for feeding in a single pen. For replacement gilts weighing 113-116 kg, each head has an area of 1.4 sq m.

1. Design principles

Low cost, easy to use, no standing water on the floor inside the house, non-slip, smooth walls that are easy to clean and disinfect, and the pig house roof needs an insulation layer.

2. Design scale

1. According to your own economic conditions and management capacity, calculated at a feeding area of 2.5 sq m per sow, if the number of raised pigs is below 200, 1 pen house can be built; 200 sows make 1 pen house, that is, a 500 sq m sow pen house, and a 500 sq m pen house can keep 200 sows together.

2. It can also be divided into 1 single pen per 125 sq m, feeding 50 sows, so 500 sq m can also be divided into 4 units, with 1 feeder used in each pen house, and the farrowing house needs to be built separately.

3. Feeding methods

1. During this period, large-pen feeding is used. The large pen houses 200 sows, and open and pregnant sows can be kept together, with 4 single units as 1 group, and a separation system is set up. The large pen is provided with a feeding area, resting area, activity area and separation area, and at the same time an estrus detection area is set up. In the estrus detection area, 1 boar is placed, and an estrus detection system is installed in the middle.

2. If small pens are used for feeding, open and pregnant sows are separated, with every 50 pigs as 1 pen house, and no separation system is used. Usually, the state of sows is identified by the spray-color device of the manual observation system. For example, pigs at 105 days of pregnancy are sprayed red on the back, those in estrus are sprayed yellow, and those not eating for 1 day are sprayed blue. The estrus detection system is set up next to the open sow house. In the pen, 1 automatic drinker of 15 cm and 1 of 40 cm are installed.

4. Manure cleaning method

After sows are moved to another house, they need to be trained to defecate at fixed points. Every day, manure is regularly cleared from the manure outlet onto a manure cart and pushed away. It does not need to be piled under the manure outlet in front of the house, polluting the walls and ground. Urine and sewage flow through floor drains into the covered sewage ditch in front of the house. At 1 end of each house, the sewage ditch has a settling tank, and the supernatant flows into the pig farm's main sewage pipe and converges into the sewage pool. After anaerobic, aerobic and sand filtration or constructed wetland treatment, it is discharged up to standard.

5. Pen wall design

The south pen wall is a 24 brick-laid, cement-rendered lattice-pattern wall. The long pen wall along the rear corridor is an iron railing. The north wall needs upper windows and ground windows, which is beneficial for summer ventilation. The partition between two adjacent pens is a 12 brick-laid, cement-rendered solid wall, to avoid the spread of contact infectious diseases between pigs in two adjacent pens.

6. Environmental control measures

1. In summer, the open south part of the pig house can be sealed with plastic netting or shade netting, which not only ventilates but also blocks mosquitoes and flies. In winter, plastic film needs to be covered on top for insulation, including the north and south lattice-pattern walls. The foul air inside the house is discharged through the roof vents.

2. In summer, the cool pavilion effect can be used, and in winter, the greenhouse effect can be used, which can basically meet the environmental temperature requirements of finishing pigs. When the temperature is too high at noon in summer, plastic pipes need to be pulled above the pens, and 1 plastic sprinkler head is installed in each pen for spray cooling.

3. However, during the farrowing and piglet nursery stages, spray cooling must not be used, to avoid dampness in the pig house and piglet diarrhea. The upper windows and ground windows of the north wall of the pig house can be sealed with plastic netting in summer, and sealed with plastic film in winter for insulation.

7. Single sow pen dimensions

1. The single sow pen dimensions are 2.5 x 4 m, and 6-8 sq m is enough for feeding in a single pen. For replacement gilts weighing 113-116 kg, each head has an area of 1.4 sq m. Each pen can be designed to raise 4-12 head. The area per open sow is 1.67 sq m, the area per first-litter sow is 1.58 sq m, and the area per multiparous sow is 1.67 sq m.

2. For sows kept individually in pens, each pen is 2.1 m long and 0.8 m wide. The sow gestation stall is 2.2 m long, 0.6-1 m wide, and 0.9-1.0 m high. The gestation sow stall is 2.1 m long, 0.6-0.8 m wide, and 0.8-1.2 m high.