Detailed Explanation of Grape Growing Techniques and Management Points in Southern China
Southern China is currently the fastest-growing grape production region in our country, so do you know grape growing techniques for southern China?
1. Grape growing techniques for southern China
1. Seedling selection
Choose thick, sturdy seedlings; the thickness of the planting seedling must reach 0.5 cm or more, and the thicker the better; select planting seedlings with a thickness between 2.5 cm and 4 cm.
2. Planting
Choose January of the current year as the planting date. Determine the planting density: plant at a spacing of 0.5 x 2.2 m between plants and rows, with 500 plants per mu.
3. Management during the seedling stage
a. Fertilization: After the tendrils of the new shoots grow out, fertilize once every 3 days by watering with decomposed human and livestock manure diluted with 2 times its volume of water; keep one strong shoot per plant and remove the rest.
b. Training the plant structure: Tie the new shoots to small bamboo poles or ropes to grow upward. When the new shoots reach 65 cm in length, pinch the tips, then spray the whole plant with a solution of mepiquat chloride diluted in water to control shoot growth and promote nutrient transformation in the young grape plants. Along with drip irrigation, apply urea plus humic acid nutrient solution to the underground part to promote strong root growth. About 10 days after pinching the tips, select and keep two strong summer lateral shoots, one above and one below, and remove all the other summer lateral shoots.
4. Fertilization
Choose a suitable fertilization amount according to the soil fertility conditions. For fertile paddy fields, apply 1 tonne of high-quality chicken manure per mu; for dry land, apply 2 tonnes of high-quality chicken manure per mu. The annual chemical fertilizer amount per mu is: 110 jin of ternary compound fertilizer, 50 jin of calcium fertilizer, 50 jin of magnesium fertilizer, 3 jin of boron fertilizer, 30 jin of potassium fertilizer, and 30 jin of seedling-promoting fertilizer.
5. Pruning
Summer pruning is as follows: leave 8 leaves on fruiting canes and pinch the tips; except for the terminal shoot, pinch all other lateral shoots to a single leaf and stop them from growing further, or remove them entirely; pinch the upward-growing new shoots after leaving 3 leaves, forming a structure of 8+3+3 main functional leaves to ensure sufficient leaf area to supply the nutritional needs of the grapes. Winter pruning uses conventional pruning.
6. Pest and disease control
According to the disease characteristics at different growth stages of the fruit trees, use different pesticides for control, and adhere to the principle of prevention first, treatment as a supplement. Specifically:
a. Apply more organic fertilizer, apply more phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, control nitrogen fertilizer application, promote robust plants, and enhance resistance; b. For routine prevention, apply pesticide once every 15 days, mainly Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb, azoxystrobin, and baobeifumeishuang, etc.
b. Downy mildew: Because southern China has more rain and high humidity in spring, pay attention to the prevention and control of downy mildew. Before bagging, spray the whole plant with 50% baobeifumeishuang 1200x solution + Jinkeke 1800x solution + emamectin benzoate 2500x solution, and pay special attention to wetting the underside of the leaves; if the condition is severe, spray once more after 7 days.
c. Gray mold: Spray the whole plant with 50% procymidone 550x solution plus 50% baobeifumeishuang 1500x solution.
d. White rot: Spray the whole plant with 25% azoxystrobin 1500x solution; at the same time, also carry out good control of other pests and diseases.