A Detailed Guide to Mushroom Cultivation Techniques: Master the Key Points of Cultivation and Management

Mushrooms are large, higher fungi, and their fruiting bodies are usually visible to the naked eye. Some are edible and have relatively high nutritional value. Below, the editor will introduce mushroom cultivation techniques.

1. Building the mushroom shed

The mushroom house is generally built in a place with higher terrain, but overall it should be relatively flat, with fairly open surroundings and good ventilation. The greenhouse should be made of materials that diffuse light, and the ground needs to be finished with cement so it is easy to wash. Mushroom beds should be set up inside the mushroom house; they can be made of wood, iron, or brick. Finally, windows or rolling blinds should be left in place, as this can enhance ventilation.

2. Composting the nutrient material

The main components of the nutrient material are livestock manure, wheat straw, bran, rice straw, corn stalks, and so on. Composting of the nutrient material generally begins around July. Usually, the pile needs to be turned once every 3-4 days, and inoculation can be carried out after half a month.

3. Disinfection and sterilization

After the nutrient material has been composted, we first need to carry out a thorough disinfection and sterilization of the mushroom house, then move the nutrient material into the mushroom house and spread it evenly on the mushroom beds. Then close the doors and windows of the mushroom house and raise the indoor temperature to about 60°C. After 3 hours, lower the temperature to about 50°C and maintain this temperature for one week so the nutrient material ferments thoroughly. Moreover, during this fermentation process, the nutrient material can also be disinfected and sterilized, so that what remains in the nutrient material are beneficial microorganisms, which is greatly beneficial to the growth of the mushrooms.

4. Inoculation and casing soil

Level the nutrient material on the mushroom beds, and the thickness of the nutrient material on each mushroom bed should reach about 15cm. Then inoculate by the hole-broadcasting method, with a spacing of about 10cm between each plant. If you want to increase its spawn-running speed, you can sow as densely as possible. After inoculation, the humidity of the nutrient material needs to be maintained, and the ventilation of the mushroom house should be increased. Finally, evenly cover the nutrient material with fine fertile soil, and then you can wait for the spawn to run.

5. Mushroom fruiting management

Mushroom fruiting management is the most critical step in mushroom cultivation, as it affects the yield and quality of the mushrooms. Among these, water management and temperature management are the most important. We need to maintain the humidity of the nutrient material. In the early fruiting stage, the humidity is generally at 70%, and later it gradually returns to 80%-90%. When watering, we should follow the principle of small amounts and frequent watering. During the spawn-running period, the temperature in the fruiting house is best kept at about 10-18°C, and during the fruiting period, raise the temperature to about 20-28°C, as this can speed up fruiting. When the mushrooms have grown to a certain size, they can be harvested.

The cultivation techniques for different mushrooms will differ slightly. The above are cultivation methods for common varieties, and everyone can adjust the methods according to the actual situation.