Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of Bag Cultivation Techniques for Shiitake Mushrooms
Shiitake mushroom is a common edible fungus in daily life, sold in the market for about 5 yuan per jin, mostly seen in hot pot restaurants and spicy dry pot restaurants, and cultivated in many regions, so what is the bag cultivation technique for shiitake mushrooms?
1. Making the spawn
Mother culture: prepare 200g peeled potato, 20g glucose, 2g peptone, 20g agar, and 1 liter of water, prepare it by the conventional method, then carry out surface disinfection of the isolated material, place a piece of mushroom flesh the size of a soybean on the slant medium, and carry out warm incubation. After the mycelium grows over the slant, the mother culture is obtained.
Stock culture: prepare some wheat grains, wash them clean and soak them overnight, then boil them, take them out and drain the water, then mix 94% wheat grains, 1% calcium carbonate, and 5% bran evenly, put the mixture into spawn bottles and press it firm, plug with cotton plugs, wrap the outside with moisture-proof paper, and sterilize for 1 hour under a pressure of 1.05 kg per square cm. After inoculation, culture at 24-27°C for 10 days, and the mycelium will grow throughout the whole bottle.
Cultivation spawn: the composition of its medium and the preparation method are the same as those of the stock culture.
2. Making the fungus blocks
(1) Pressing into blocks: in early to mid-October, first lay wooden boards or reed mats on the bed frames, then spread plastic film on top, and place the prepared mold on the film. The specification of the block-pressing mold is preferably 65-75×25-35×5.5 cm, with no bottom board, and a movable cover board is enough. Making fungus blocks is similar to making brick blanks.
(2) Sterilization: first open the cotton plug of the spawn bottle, wipe the bottle mouth with 75% alcohol to sterilize it, then use an inoculation rake to take out the spawn and pour it into the frame. When controlling the bottle, try not to damage the mycelium and keep it in blocks. About 10-12 bottles of spawn are poured into each fungus block. Then cover the cover board and press it into a fungus block. More spawn should be placed at the four corners of the fungus block so that the four corners are firmer when pressing the block, and when the pressing block is removed and touched by hand, the corners are less likely to break. A distance of 1-2 cm should be kept between each block, so as to facilitate operation, air circulation, and control of contamination by competing microorganisms. After a layer of the bed frame is filled with fungus blocks, cover them promptly with plastic film. The covering film should have a space of 16 cm from the fungus blocks.
3. Management of the fungus blocks
Always pay attention to the ventilation inside the fungus bed, and regularly open the doors and windows every day. 3-5 days after pressing the blocks, the plastic film should be lifted for air exchange, and the number of air exchanges should be determined according to the air temperature. When the temperature is high, do it once in the morning and once in the evening; when the temperature is low, exchange air once a day or once every two days. During this process, if red accumulated water is found in the bottom plastic film, wipe it dry promptly. Generally, about 20 days after pressing the blocks, the whole fungus block will be covered with white mycelium and form a solid fungus block, and at this time fruiting can begin.
4. Management during the fruiting period
(1) Autumn mushroom management: when the mushroom buds grow to the size of soybeans, the fungus blocks should be turned over promptly. If there are mushroom buds on both the upper and lower surfaces of the fungus block, the fungus block can also be cut smaller, with the side having more mushroom buds facing upward, and then the plastic film should be raised or removed for moisture-retention treatment, so that the water content of the fungus block reaches about 55-60%. The relative humidity of the air should reach 85-95%. In this way, the mushroom buds can develop normally.
(2) Management after harvesting mushrooms: after finishing a batch of mushrooms, spraying water should be stopped, so that the water content of the fungus blocks gradually decreases, and ventilation should be strengthened, so that the relative humidity of the air drops to about 75%, creating environmental conditions favorable for the growth and development of the mycelium, so as to facilitate harvesting a second batch of mushrooms.
(3) Winter management: in winter, the main focus should be on protecting the mycelium well, but winter temperatures sometimes rise again, and there is a relatively large temperature difference between morning and evening, which is a great opportunity to obtain more winter mushrooms. After the winter mushrooms are harvested, stop spraying water, and then carry out appropriate heat-preservation treatment, such as covering with plastic film.
(4) Spring mushroom management: at the end of February or the beginning of March, the fungus blocks should be kept appropriately moist to let them fruit. If a small number of mushroom buds are found on some fungus blocks, begin soaking them in water to stimulate fruiting, which can achieve very good results. If a cold wave occurs after soaking, the temperature can be appropriately raised artificially, and this batch of mushrooms is generally relatively uniform. After fruiting, the nutrients of the fungus blocks have been almost exhausted, and whether to use them again can be handled as appropriate.