What are the key points of black grape cultivation techniques?

Black grapes are what we commonly call black grapes, with thick skin and crisp flesh, the skin is blue-black, shiny like lacquer, sweet in taste, and rich in nutrients. So, what are the black grape cultivation techniques?

1. Orchard establishment

Black grapes can grow in slightly acidic, slightly alkaline and neutral soils, and especially prefer loose-textured, well-drained neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam.

2. Planting

Select high-quality strong seedlings. For single-hedge cultivation, the plant and row spacing at planting is 1x2 m. After digging the planting holes, fill the bottom of the holes with farmyard manure (apply 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu) and mix it evenly with the topsoil, cover it with a layer of topsoil, and plant the seedlings in the uppermost layer. After transplanting, water heavily once; after the water drains, straighten any leaning seedlings. If there is no heavy rain after 7-10 days, water once more to ensure the seedlings survive.

3. Field management

1. Fertilizer and water

In the year black grapes are planted, fertilizer can be applied 3 times to promote robust seedling growth. In early June, apply 50 g of diammonium phosphate and 50 g of urea per plant. In early August, apply 150 g of compound fertilizer per plant. Complete this in early October, and apply 100 g of diammonium phosphate or 150 g of compound fertilizer per plant. After winter pruning each year, apply 3000 kg of organic fertilizer and 100 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Later, according to growth characteristics, during periods with high fertilizer demand such as vigorous new shoot growth and berry swelling, spray the leaves with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3-0.5% urea solution. Black grapes have a high water requirement. In addition to watering enough while fertilizing, water adequately at the right time and in the right amount before grape budbreak, before inflorescence appearance and flowering, after flowering and before berry coloring, and before the soil freezes, according to soil moisture and rainfall.

2. Training and pruning

Black grapes are suitable for the single-trunk double-arm trellis form. That is, after the seedlings sprout, pinch the main trunk to set the trunk at 60-80 cm. After pinching the main trunk, keep the two upper lateral buds to form secondary shoots. When the secondary shoots grow to about 60 cm, pinch them at 50 cm and tie them horizontally to the wire to form two arms. The wire is about 60 cm above the ground. Secondary shoots growing on the two arms can be pinched after leaving 5-7 leaves, and when they grow again, pinch after leaving 1-2 leaves. In winter pruning each year thereafter, only the fruiting canes on the two arms need to be pruned. Generally, 4-6 fruiting canes are left on each arm. Each year, carry out short-cane pruning on the fruiting canes, and the remaining secondary shoots can hang naturally.

3. Flower and fruit management

Black grape clusters are large and the berries are tightly set, so flower and fruit thinning should be carried out as early as possible. During the inflorescence stage or the berry-setting stage after flowering, thin out especially large clusters, deformed clusters and especially small clusters, with the weight of each cluster preferably not exceeding 1000 g, and remove the tips of overly long clusters. While carrying out summer pruning such as removing tendrils, bud removal and branch thinning, remove secondary inflorescences and thin out small and deformed berries in the clusters; for overly tight clusters, some berries can be thinned out.

In addition, the main pests and diseases of black grapes include downy mildew, black spot, powdery mildew, crown gall, red spider mite, etc. Follow the principle of "prevention first, combining prevention and control" in crop rotation and field management.