Detailed Explanation of Key Points for High-Yield Potato Cultivation Techniques

Potato, Solanum tuberosum, annual herbaceous plant of the Solanaceae family, also known as earth egg, foreign taro, potato, etc. Potato can be used as both a vegetable and a staple food, and can also be processed into French fry-type foods, all of which are very delicious. Potato is cultivated in many parts of our country; below, let us take a look at the key points for high-yield potato cultivation techniques.

1. Soil selection

Fertile sandy loam and two-mix soil should be selected for planting. After the previous crop is harvested, promptly remove stubble and plow, with a plowing depth of about 30em, and combine with land preparation. Generally, apply about 5000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 25--50 kg of phosphate fertilizer or 50 kg of diammonium phosphate. Before sowing, ridges 70—80em wide should be made ready for sowing.

2. Cutting seed potatoes and sprouting before sowing

It is appropriate to cut each kilogram of seed potatoes into 50 pieces. When cutting, first cut lengthwise, then cut crosswise. The cut pieces are required to be uniform in size, and each piece should have 1--2 buds. The cut potato pieces should first be rinsed several times with well water, then soaked for 15 minutes in a 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim plus 1000-fold agricultural streptomycin, then removed and air-dried (preferably within 2 hours) for sprouting. Sprouting: during spring sprouting, since the potato dormancy period has passed, it is only necessary to raise the temperature. About 20 days before sowing, bury the cut and soaked potato pieces in moist sandy soil for sprouting, maintaining the temperature at about 15°. When the buds grow to 2em, they can be sown.

3. Sowing time and density

For spring planting, sow from the end of February to early March, and harvest from the end of May to mid-June. When sowing, use plastic film mulching, adopting a row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm, or a row spacing of 70 cm and plant spacing of 20em. It is appropriate to maintain a density of 4000--4500 plants per mu.

4. Scientific fertilization

The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients by potato is 2:1:4, with potassium having the largest absorption amount. In high-yield areas where plastic film-mulched potatoes yield more than 5000 jin, 6000 jin of organic fertilizer, 20 jin of pure nitrogen, 8 jin of pure phosphorus, and 25 jin of pure potassium should be applied.

The tuber enlargement stage of potato is the period when it absorbs the most nutrients, accounting for about 50% of the entire growth period, with the seedling stage and late stage each accounting for 25%.

Topdressing should be done early rather than late, generally at the bud stage, with less nitrogen fertilizer to avoid excessive vegetative growth. Use Israel Nongfu Jiayuan water-flush fertilizer and apply it with irrigation water.

5. Rice straw mulching

After potato sowing and fertilization, immediately use the amount of rice straw from 2.5-3 mu of field per mu, and evenly cover the entire bed surface by placing the rice straw perpendicular to the furrow with straw tips facing straw tips. The straw coverage thickness should be 3-4 cun to prevent sunlight from reaching the seed potatoes.

6. Pest and disease control

If there is pest damage, spray pesticides promptly for control. At the same time, spray New High Lipid Film to improve the utilization rate of the effective ingredients of the pesticide and consolidate the control effect.

7. Harvest

In mid-to-late April and early May, harvest at the appropriate time according to market conditions. After harvest, conduct rapid pesticide residue testing, and arrange for listing after passing the test. The product can directly enter the market or be stored in a constant-temperature warehouse.