What pesticides are used to control pests and diseases on adzuki beans
Adzuki bean is also called red adzuki bean, vermilion bean, etc. It is cultivated throughout the country, harvested in summer and autumn when the pods mature, sun-dried, and the seeds collected for later use. So, during the planting process, what pesticides are used on adzuki beans?
1. What pesticides are used on adzuki beans?
1. Seed treatment: agricultural antibiotic 120, kasugamycin, matrine, etc. can be used;
2. Pests: for aphids, 40% omethoate emulsion at 1000-1500 times dilution can be used; for bean pod borer, 50% fenitrothion emulsion at 800-1000 times dilution can be used;
3. Diseases: for mosaic virus disease and rust, a 0.001% triadimefon solution can be sprayed; for angular leaf spot, 500 times mancozeb or 1000 times carbendazim solution and 160 times equal-strength Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed.
2. What are the cultivation techniques for adzuki beans?
1. Seed selection
Choose varieties with high 1000-grain weight, great yield-increasing potential, high quality, and disease resistance, such as Kenyin No. 1, Baoqing Red, Longxiaodou, Hejiang No. 1, Japanese Red, Ji 111, Dahongpao, etc.
2. Reasonable crop rotation
Red adzuki bean likes warmth and is not tolerant of waterlogging, and continuous cropping and repeated stubble are taboo. It is best to choose a plot where no legume crops have been grown for more than 2 years. 3. Sowing
Before sowing, mechanical or manual seed selection should be carried out. Remove insect-damaged grains, broken grains, and impurities to ensure the purity and cleanliness of the seeds. In the southern region of Heilongjiang Province, sowing is generally done from late April to mid-May; in the cold northern region, sowing is generally done in early to mid-May. After sowing, press the soil promptly to avoid soil moisture loss. Adjust planting density appropriately according to natural conditions and production conditions: for high-fertility and high-water land, keep 150,000-220,000 plants per hectare; for medium-fertility and medium-water land, keep 220,000-300,000 plants per hectare; for low-fertility and low-water land, keep 300,000 plants per hectare. Row spacing is generally 50-60 cm. When 80% of seedlings have emerged, conduct an investigation; if missing seedlings are found, promptly sprout seeds and replant.
4. Intertillage and weeding
Timely intertillage can eliminate weeds in the field while also loosening the soil, raising ground temperature, regulating soil moisture, nutrients, and aeration, promoting root and aboveground growth, and enhancing nitrogen fixation capacity. It is recommended to carry out 1 intertillage after thinning seedlings, then 1 intertillage every 7-10 days, for a total of 3-4 times.
5. Fertilization
The general fertilization principle for planting red adzuki beans is to apply nitrogen fertilizer skillfully, apply phosphate fertilizer heavily, apply potassium fertilizer differentially, and appropriately increase the application of molybdenum fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer. All phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and about 1/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer can be mixed and applied in layers as seed fertilizer and base fertilizer. Topdressing should focus on the early flowering stage, applying all the remaining 2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer in furrows and covering with soil promptly. Foliar topdressing can also be carried out during the flowering and podding stage. Generally, urea is not applied as topdressing in the later stage, or a small amount of urea can be applied appropriately according to the growth of red adzuki beans, to avoid excessive vegetative growth and late maturity.
Finally, when the upper stems and branches of the red adzuki bean plant turn yellow, the lower leaves fall off, and the pod color becomes lighter, it is the timely harvest period. After harvesting, dry them promptly to promote after-ripening. The moisture content of stored red adzuki bean grains must be controlled below 13%, otherwise they are highly prone to deterioration.