How to grow Scutellaria baicalensis? Cultivation techniques, per-mu returns and prospect analysis
SummaryCultivation techniques: choose a plot with deep soil and sufficient fertility for planting. When the Scutellaria baicalensis seedlings grow to 6cm, thinning and final thinning of seedlings need to be done well. In the year of planting, at least 3 or more intertillage operations are needed, and then an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer is applied as a top dressing each spring. Per-mu returns: the average per-mu yield is 280kg, and the net profit is 2200 yuan/mu. Planting prospects: there is strong demand in the market, and the market price is relatively stable, so the prospects for growing Scutellaria baicalensis are very considerable.
I. Techniques for growing Scutellaria baicalensis
1. Growing environment
(1) Scutellaria baicalensis is suitable for growing in a cool environment. During cultivation, the temperature should be kept at around 15°C, a certain amount of light needs to be ensured, and the soil must have strong drainage and irrigation capacity. Although Scutellaria baicalensis has relatively strong adaptability to soil, this is to ensure the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis.
(2) Generally, when selecting soil, plots with deep soil, sufficient fertility, and no pests or diseases are preferable. After selecting the plot, the soil should be prepared by carefully leveling and harrowing it, and then sufficient decomposed farmyard manure should be applied as base fertilizer, which helps enhance the growth capacity of Scutellaria baicalensis and at the same time increase its yield.
2. Propagation methods
(1) The propagation method of Scutellaria baicalensis is generally mainly seed propagation. Before sowing, the seeds need to be pre-germinated, which helps increase the germination rate of the seeds. First, soak the seeds in warm water at about 50°C for 14-18 hours, then remove the seeds and dry them, then wrap them in a wet cloth and place them in an environment at about 22°C for pre-germination.
(2) When about 70% of the seeds have cracked and shown white, sowing can be carried out. Before sowing, the soil needs to be watered thoroughly. Sowing can be carried out around Qingming Festival, generally mainly by dibbling. The sowing depth should not be too deep or too shallow. After sowing, cover with 1 layer of fine soil, then compact the soil and water until the seeds emerge.
3. Field management
(1) When the Scutellaria baicalensis seedlings grow to about 6cm, thinning and final thinning of seedlings need to be done well to provide sufficient growing space for each robust seedling. At the same time, in weather with sufficient light, compaction work should be carried out, about 3 times within 15 days, which helps promote seedling establishment.
(2) Generally, in the year of planting, at least 3 or more intertillage operations are needed, and then starting from the 2nd year of planting, about 2 intertillage operations are done each year. At the same time, fertilization work should be done well, with an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer applied as a top dressing each spring, at least 2 top dressings each year. The type and amount of fertilizer can be controlled according to the growth of Scutellaria baicalensis and soil fertility. Moreover, for plots not kept for seed, during the budding stage of Scutellaria baicalensis, the flowering branches can be cut off to prevent excessive nutrient consumption.
4. Pest and disease control
Pests and diseases are relatively harmful to Scutellaria baicalensis. They not only cause reduced yield of Scutellaria baicalensis, but also cause large-scale death of Scutellaria baicalensis plants. Therefore, during cultivation, management work needs to be done well, while strengthening prevention, paying attention to the amount of water and fertilizer, and reasonably adjusting the growing environment of Scutellaria baicalensis according to its growth. When abnormal situations are found, the specific cause needs to be identified in time, and then corresponding control work should be carried out.
II. Per-mu returns from growing Scutellaria baicalensis
1. The land rent for growing Scutellaria baicalensis is 600 yuan/mu. Each mu needs 10000 seedlings, and the price per seedling is 0.07 yuan, so the seedling cost is 700 yuan. Adding fertilizer 200 yuan, weeding 300 yuan, harvesting cost 1000 yuan, planting cost 400 yuan, and drying and processing cost 300 yuan, the total cost is 3500 yuan/mu.
2. At present, the general goods price of Scutellaria baicalensis is 17-21 yuan/kg. The per-mu yield in areas south of the Huaihe River is 300kg, the per-mu yield in areas north of the Yellow River is 280kg, and the per-mu yield in Northeast and Northwest China is 350kg. The main reason is that the long sunshine duration in the north is beneficial to the growth of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis.
3. The relatively high per-mu yield of Scutellaria baicalensis can reach 350kg, with a single-yield income of about 4760 yuan; the average per-mu yield is 280kg, and the average net profit is about 2200 yuan/mu.
III. Prospects for growing Scutellaria baicalensis
At present, the market demand for Scutellaria baicalensis is growing, and the processed products of Scutellaria baicalensis are also continuously increasing. Its edible range is relatively wide, while the quantity of wild Scutellaria baicalensis is very small. In recent years, the market price of Scutellaria baicalensis has also been relatively stable, so the prospects for growing Scutellaria baicalensis are very considerable.