Raspberry cultivation is best done through asexual propagation

Raspberries propagated from seed do not easily develop into seedlings, so root sucker division propagation, layering propagation, and root cutting propagation are mostly used; where conditions permit, tissue culture propagation can be used.

1. Root sucker division propagation method: Red raspberries readily produce basal shoots, and new roots readily form on the underground parts of basal shoots. Based on this characteristic, the division method can be used for propagation. After the raspberry growing season ends, dig up the plants and separate the basal shoots that have good root systems; each basal shoot with roots is a new plant. This method consumes a lot of material, the roots are relatively old, vitality is weaker, and they are not suitable for storage, so they should be planted immediately after division. Some raspberry varieties readily produce large numbers of root suckers; some varieties can produce 30-60 root suckers per plant. These root suckers develop better in loose, moist soil with good nutrient conditions, and large numbers of root suckers can be collected to propagate seedlings. In spring, appropriately cut the roots at a distance of 60 cm from 3-year-old trees to encourage root sucker seedlings. When the root sucker seedlings grow to 1-1.3 m, pinch off the growing tips to promote root growth. Root sucker seedlings that are too dense should be thinned out in time. 2. Root cutting propagation method: In spring or autumn, in conjunction with renewing old plants and digging out root sucker seedlings, dig out the horizontal roots, and cut roots with buds and a thickness of 0.5 cm into small sections 8-12 cm long. Dig a ditch 10 cm deep in the nursery field, place the root sections flat on the bottom of the ditch, placing one every 10 cm, fill level on top with loose humus soil, and cover the topmost layer with a layer of river sand or grass matting to retain moisture. By autumn, 1-2 new suckers with good root systems can form on the root sections. 3. Layering propagation method: Blackberries rarely produce root suckers, but their buds readily take root, and the tips of basal shoots have the characteristic of rooting when they touch the ground, so they can be propagated by layering and by cuttings. In August, cover the terminal buds of new shoots with a layer of soil or dig a small ditch 5-6 cm deep, bend the tips of the new shoots into the bottom of the ditch, cover with 7-10 cm of soil, and by late autumn the axillary buds can grow into new shoots and develop good root systems; after separation from the mother plant, they form a new plant. Horizontal layering propagation can also be used: dig a shallow ditch along the direction in which the basal shoot extends, bend the entire branch into the ditch and fix it in place. When the new shoots produce small roots, gently cover with soil, but do not cover the leaves; in this way, new shoots can be produced at the leaf axils, and after separation from the plant in late autumn they form several new plants. After basal shoots are cut off, arch-shaped cutting propagation can be used: cut the basal shoots into small sections 40 cm long, insert both ends into the seedbed in early spring, and by June new roots and new shoots can form; at this time cut the cuttings apart in the middle to become two small seedlings, and by autumn they can become seedlings. 4. Tissue culture method: Tissue culture propagation is fast, can propagate large numbers of seedlings in a short period, and the seedlings produced do not carry pathogens, have few diseases and insect pests, and grow robustly; it is mainly used for blackberry propagation. Red raspberries have a high propagation coefficient and generally do not need tissue culture for seedling propagation.