Rational application of booting fertilizer to rice for high yield
Rice cultivation is very common in our southern region, and the demand for rice in our country is enormous, but as more and more young people go out to work, more and more fields have been abandoned, resulting in the current state where rice cultivation in our country is far from meeting demand.
Rational application of booting fertilizer to rice for high yield
1. Topdressing must be timely
Generally, when the rice internodes begin to elongate and the young panicle begins to differentiate is the best time for topdressing. If the booting fertilizer is applied too early, it will cause excessive vegetative growth and increase ineffective tillering; if applied too late, it will cause the rice to remain green and mature late, with excessive growth of tender leaves, inducing pests and diseases and lodging, thus reducing yield.
2. Topdressing must be appropriate in amount
Topdressing at the booting stage of rice is generally applied according to the field and the seedlings. Where the field is fertile, the base fertilizer is sufficient, the rice seedlings grow vigorously, and the leaf color is dark green, less should be applied; otherwise, more should be applied appropriately. Usually, 8-10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu.
3. Topdressing must be combined with deep irrigation
As the farming proverb says, “When the grain forms its bundle, water should reach the waist.” When applying booting fertilizer, it must be combined with deep irrigation, and spraying is preferable for topdressing to avoid evaporation at high temperatures. At the same time, pest and disease control must be done well to ensure the rice safely undergoes booting, smoothly heads, flowers, and sets grain, striving for high quality and high yield.
Seedbed temperature management
1. From sowing to the emergence of the first leaf tip, the main focus is on heat preservation. The temperature inside the shed should be 28-30°C, with the optimum temperature at 25-28°C. At the 2-leaf stage, maintain 25°C; at the 3-leaf stage, maintain 20-22°C; the minimum temperature should not be lower than 10°C. When the nighttime temperature is low, measures such as turning on electric lights or burning rice husks inside the greenhouse should be taken to increase temperature. For small-shed seedling cultivation, measures such as covering with straw or cold-proof quilts outside the shed should be taken to increase temperature, ensuring that the minimum temperature indicators required for each leaf age of the seedlings are reached, so that the rice seeds can grow and develop normally on the seedbed.
2. Seedbed ventilation management. After the rice seedlings emerge and turn green, the plastic film should be removed. It is best to remove the film in the morning or evening, when the temperature difference inside and outside the shed is small, so the seedlings adapt to the new environment quickly. If the film is removed at noon when the temperature is high, the aboveground seedlings transpire quickly while root absorption is slow, which easily causes physiological water loss in the seedlings. After removing the film, small ventilation can be carried out. When ventilation reaches the minimum temperature limit for each leaf age, the shed should be closed promptly. As the leaf age increases, the ventilation and hardening time should be extended accordingly, especially at the 2.5-leaf stage, where the temperature must not exceed 25°C. If it is higher than 25°C, ventilation should be carried out to lower the temperature to prevent early heading. After the 3-leaf stage, gradually increase ventilation so that the temperatures inside and outside the shed are nearly the same. If there is no frost at night, there is no need to cover with film, and you can wait for transplanting.
Management after transplanting rice
1. Shallow water management. After the rice turns green, the water layer should be controlled at 3-5 cm of shallow water, which is beneficial for raising water temperature and soil temperature, promoting early and rapid tillering of seedlings. Do not irrigate too much, so as to promote new root development, rapid greening, and increase the number of effective panicles.
2. Drainage and sunning the field. When the number of stems and tillers reaches 80% of the expected effective panicle number, drain the water and sun the field until the field surface does not sink underfoot, to control ineffective tillering growth, until the number of stems and tillers begins to decline, the rice leaves fade green, and the base becomes round and hard. After sunning the field, return to shallow water management, alternating dry and wet, and drain and dry the field 10 days before harvest.
Rice seedling-raising techniques
1. Selection of seedling field
The seedling field requires fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no salinity or alkalinity. The habit of using ditch edges, riverbanks, roadsides, and places with poor fertility as seedling fields must be resolutely overcome.
2. Fertilization of seedling field
The level of fertility in the seedling field is the key to cultivating strong seedlings. The seedling field should be applied with 5-7 cubic meters of farmyard manure per mu and 50 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer, then plowed. 3-5 days before sowing, apply 15-20 kg of monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate, 30-40 kg of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate, and 2 kg of zinc sulfate per mu of clean seedling bed. Alternatively, 30-40 kg per mu of Wojing brand or Woli brand or Qiangwang brand rice seedling formula fertilizer can be spread on the clods, then finely harrowed so that soil and fertilizer are mixed evenly, and after preparation, wait for sowing.
3. Seed soaking and disinfection
To improve the germination rate of seeds, sun the seeds for 2-3 days before sowing, then carry out wind selection or mud-water selection to achieve plump seeds with strong germination vigor. In order to eliminate pathogens carried by the seeds, seed disinfection should be carried out after seed selection. In areas with rice stripe leaf blight, after soaking the seeds, mix 20 g of 10% imidacloprid per mu with a small amount of fine soil, then mix evenly with the seeds before sowing, which can control the virus-transmitting vector, the rice planthopper.
4. Sowing date and sowing rate
Sowing too early or too late is unfavorable for cultivating strong seedlings. If sown too early, the seedling age becomes too old, tillering is absent, and after transplanting, tillering is slow and few. If sown too late, the seedlings are tender and weak, and after transplanting, greening is slow. According to the existing varieties in our county, for wheat-stubble rice, sowing from May 5 to 10 is better, with a seedling age of 35-40 days. The seedling field area is calculated at 45 sq m of clean seedling bed for each mu of field to be transplanted, requiring 2.5 kg of high-quality rice seed. The sowing rate per mu of seedling field is about 35 kg; if the sowing date is slightly later, the sowing rate is slightly increased.
5. Sowing method
1-2 days before sowing, release water to soak the bed surface thoroughly, and finely prepare the land to achieve muddy, level surface. Wait until the water in the seedling bed has seeped down and there is no mud slurry, then smooth it and carry out fine sowing. When sowing, achieve half-seed into the mud; do not scatter seeds without seeing them, to prevent uneven sowing depth and uneven emergence. After sowing, pat lightly with an iron shovel so that the seeds and mud surface are level. When the manure soil to be covered is no longer moist, cover with sieved decomposed manure soil at a ratio of 1:2, with a manure soil thickness of 0.7-1 cm. This point is very important. It is strictly forbidden to sow under thin mud and cover manure soil on top of mud slurry. The manure soil covering the bed surface should be dry and have good air permeability, which is very important for promoting seed rooting. If air permeability is poor, rooting is reduced, seedlings are weak, and tillering is also reduced. At the same time, it can also preserve moisture and increase temperature, control the rise of groundwater, inhibit the rise of salinity and alkalinity, promote downward rooting, and achieve the goal of many roots and vigorous seedlings.
6. Watering and topdressing
Before the 3-leaf stage, focus mainly on dry growth. After the 3-leaf stage, if nutrition is poor, it easily induces damping-off disease. At the 2-leaf-1-heart stage, apply weaning fertilizer, using 45% formula fertilizer or 3-5 kg of urea per mu, and water lightly once; at the 3-leaf-1-heart stage, apply tillering-promoting fertilizer, applying 10 kg of urea or 12-15 kg of formula fertilizer per mu, and water lightly once to promote seedling tillering. After that, as long as the bed surface does not return to alkali or the seedling leaves do not curl, reduce the number of waterings as much as possible, so that the seedlings grow dry, promote root development, and improve seedling quality. For seedling beds that return to alkali, seedling growth will be seriously affected. Wash the bed with water and use water to leach alkali: irrigate fully in the morning, drain completely in the afternoon, and after washing away the alkali, water and topdress. Usually pay attention to the weather forecast; when encountering strong winds and cooling weather, pay attention to irrigation to prevent low-temperature cold damage. At 35-40 days, the seedlings should stop water and be hardened, so that the seedling tissues become firm and old, the leaves are upright, and stress resistance is improved.
Although rice is one of the grains with the greatest demand in our country, as the rice planting area in our country becomes smaller and smaller, increasing rice yield is imperative. Now in many rural areas of our country, rice cultivation has already become large-scale, so it is very important to keep pace with the times and master some rice cultivation techniques.