High-Yield Peanut Cultivation Techniques and Disease Control Methods

I. Bacterial Wilt of Peanut

This disease mostly occurs from the seedling stage to the peak pod-setting stage of peanut. Spring peanuts are affected from May to June, and summer peanuts from September to October, with a relatively severe incidence rate. In infected plants, the top leaves first become soft and droop, then the leaves of the whole plant wilt and hang down, but the wilted leaves can still remain green. When the stem is cut open, the vascular tissue near the ground can be seen to have turned brown. When the cut is pinched by hand, a dirty white bacterial fluid flows out. When the diseased plant is pulled up, the roots have already rotted and turned dark brown. The control measures are as follows:

1. Rational crop rotation: carry out rational rotation with non-host crops. For example, rotating peanut with corn can eliminate the pathogens in the soil;

2. Select disease-resistant varieties such as “Baisha 1016 seed”;

3. Improve the soil, pay attention to drainage, and apply more decomposed organic fertilizer. When sowing peanut, apply 50kg-150kg of plant ash and 20kg-30kg of 12% calcium-magnesium phosphate per 667 sq m, which can promote robust growth of peanut and improve disease resistance;

4. Chemical control

① When sowing peanut, seed dressing with Luxiang No. 1 or fulvic acid can effectively prevent the occurrence of peanut bacterial wilt. The application method is to use 1g-2g of Luxiang No. 1 or 2g-3g of fulvic acid per kg of seed, mix well, and then sow. The control effect can reach 80%-90%.

② At the peanut seedling stage or during the disease period, spray with 1000-1500 times diluted solution of Shajunwang or Biandijin. The control effect reaches more than 90%. When the disease is severe, use 35g of Shajunwang or Biandijin per 667 sq m, mixed with 15kg-20kg of diluted solution, to irrigate the roots. The effect is excellent.

II. Peanut Leaf Spot Disease

Peanut leaf spot disease has two types: brown spot and black spot. During the peanut growing period, they commonly occur and may occur together on the same plant or even the same leaf. Brown spot occurs earlier, and black spot occurs later. The control measures are as follows:

1. Strengthen field management. After the previous crop is harvested, promptly remove residual leaves and diseased plants to eliminate the source of infection.

2. Fertilize rationally and apply more calcium-magnesium fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of peanut.

3. Chemical control can control the spread of the disease, maintain a longer green leaf assistance period, and prolong the time of photosynthesis:

① Spray 1500-2000 times diluted solution of Shajunwang 2-3 times during the growing period, with an interval of 15-20 days. The control effect can reach 93%;

② At the seedling stage, use 0.5g of Biandijin per 667 sq m, mixed with 15kg-20kg of water, and spray continuously 3-4 times, with an interval of 15-20 days each time. The control effect is more than 95%. At the same time, it can also control the occurrence of other diseases.

In addition, the strong disease-resistant and yield-increasing agents “Shajunwang”, “Biandijin”, and “Huangyeqing” have a certain preventive effect on the occurrence of peanut viral disease. When controlling diseases such as bacterial wilt and leaf spot, mixed spraying can enhance disease resistance and increase yield by more than 30%.