Adopting the "three protections" technique in peanut cultivation significantly increases yield

1. Preventing excessive vegetative growth. For peanut fields with relatively high soil fertility, good water and fertilizer conditions, and vigorous plant growth, when growth is too vigorous and excessive vegetative growth occurs, spraying hormones, namely plant growth regulators, can inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, and coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. There are 3 plant growth regulators suitable for spraying on peanuts: daminozide, chlormequat, and paclobutrazol. The dosage per mu is respectively: daminozide 50 grams mixed with 50 kg of water; chlormequat 100 grams mixed with 50 kg of water; 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 35 grams mixed with 35 kg of water. The spraying time is generally at the early pod-setting stage. 

2. Preventing premature senescence. Maintaining the green leaf area during the full-pod stage and preserving the physiological function of the leaves is an important key to increasing the number of pods and raising yield. In production, however, the prominent problem is often that after entering the full-pod stage, leaf area and photosynthetic productivity both drop sharply at the same time, dry matter accumulation falls to a very low level, and premature senescence appears. This generally reduces yield by 20-30%. To prevent premature senescence, foliar fertilizer is generally applied from the pod-setting stage to the early full-pod stage. Spray 75-100 kg of liquid fertilizer per mu (containing 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2% superphosphate; for plots with weaker plant growth and yellow leaves, add another 1%-2% urea), spraying once every 7-10 days, generally 2 times, after 4 p.m. At the same time, attention should be paid to timely irrigation under drought conditions, which helps prevent premature senescence. 

3. Preventing diseases and insect pests. The main disease of peanuts is leaf spot. Leaf spot is a fungal disease, and high temperature and high humidity or continuous rainy weather can all encourage the occurrence of this disease. Its symptoms are brown or black diseased spots forming on the leaves, and in severe cases it also infects the petioles and stems. It generally occurs in the middle and late stages and reduces yield by about 25%. In control, follow the principle of prevention being more important than treatment and treating early and treating small, and control it as soon as it occurs. Control methods, in addition to strengthening field management, promoting robust peanut growth, and enhancing disease resistance, can also use chemical agents for control. The main insect pests of peanuts are aphids and white grubs. Aphids occur throughout the entire growth period. They not only affect the normal growth of peanuts but also transmit peanut viral diseases and cause yield reduction. When they occur, spray with 40% dimethoate emulsion at 1000 times dilution plus methamidophos at 1000 times dilution. Control methods for white grubs: in late June and early July, spray with phosmet at 800-1000 times dilution to control the adults. In plots with severe white grub occurrence, phoxim at 500-700 times dilution can be used to drench the roots, and drenching before rain gives a better effect.