Detailed explanation of key points of pear tree planting technology, master scientific planting methods

1. Preparation before planting. Before planting pear seedlings, level the land. If conditions permit, deep plow the whole orchard before land preparation. After land preparation is completed, first determine the spacing between plants and rows according to the production plan. Generally speaking, the plant spacing for pear trees is 2-4 m and the row spacing is 4-5 m, requiring 33-83 seedlings per mu. However, if other crops are to be intercropped between rows, the row spacing can be widened to 6-7 m. In addition, in order to achieve early high yield and efficient cultivation, dwarf dense planting can be used in early production. The commonly used row and plant spacings for dwarf dense planting are 1.5 m × 1 m, 2 m × 1.5 m, or 3 m × 2 m, etc. After the row and plant spacing are determined, markers should be made, and planting holes or planting trenches should be dug accordingly. The size of a planting hole is 80 cubic cm (that is, length, width, and depth are each 80 cm), and the size of a planting trench is 80 cm deep and 80 cm wide. Digging planting holes or planting trenches is beneficial to the growth of the pear seedling root system.

2. Planting time. The planting time for pear seedlings is divided into autumn planting and spring planting. In East China and areas to the south, autumn planting in mid-to-late November is better, so that before bud break the following spring, the roots have already healed first and sent out new roots, the seedling recovery time is short, and the seedlings grow quickly. In the north, however, because winter temperatures are too low and the soil freezes deeply, which is not conducive to seedling survival, spring planting is generally used. Overall, pear seedlings have strong rooting ability and a relatively high survival rate after planting.

3. Planting method. When planting pear seedlings, first mix part of the base fertilizer with soil and fill it into the planting hole or planting trench. Where conditions permit, before applying base fertilizer, place some rice straw, stalks, and other materials at the very bottom of the planting hole or planting trench to increase soil aeration and water permeability. After the base fertilizer is filled in, fill the planting hole or planting trench with soil until close to the ground surface, then place the pear seedling into the hole and cover with soil. Note that the roots of the seedling should be spread out and must not come into direct contact with the fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause fertilizer burn to the seedling. When the soil has been filled to a certain height, gently lift the seedling so that small soil particles fall into the gaps around the roots and fully contact the root system. After firming the soil, irrigate thoroughly, and after irrigation cover with another layer of soil to preserve moisture.

4. Arrangement of pollinator trees. Most pear varieties have a low fruit-setting rate under self-pollination or cannot set fruit, so pollinator variety trees generally need to be arranged. Pollinator varieties should have the following characteristics: relatively large amounts of pollen, a flowering period basically consistent with the main cultivar or 1-2 days earlier, the ability to pollinate each other with the main cultivar with strong compatibility, and fruit economic traits of the pollinator variety should be excellent in both internal and external quality and have relatively high economic value. When arranging pollinator variety trees, there should not be too many pear varieties used as pollinators, otherwise management is inconvenient. However, for larger pear orchards, several pollinator varieties may be appropriately arranged to meet the pollination needs of early-maturing, mid-maturing, and late-maturing varieties in the orchard, so as to ensure that all varieties can obtain high quality and high yield. Under normal circumstances, the arrangement ratio of pollinator varieties to main cultivars is 1:1 to 1:4. When arranging them, either the between-row arrangement method or the appropriate within-row arrangement method may be adopted.