How to do soil testing and formulated fertilization for tea planting
In tea fertilization, our province commonly has problems such as insufficient organic fertilizer use and an unreasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application. Soil testing and formulated fertilization for tea should, on the basis of adhering to the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, control the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, especially control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied later, improve tea quality, and pay attention to the combined application of the three major nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the balanced application of medium and trace elements. In terms of fertilization method, base fertilizer and topdressing should be applied deeply, and soil should be covered immediately after application, with the soil covering depth needing to be more than 6.5 cm. Chlorine-containing fertilizers are strictly prohibited, and sulfur-containing special formulated fertilizers should be vigorously promoted.
Total fertilization amount. The application amount of organic fertilizer is about 2000 kg per mu. When the tea yield per mu (fresh leaves, the same below) is below 250 kg, apply 12 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. When the yield per mu is 250-350 kg, apply 11 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 7.5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu. When the yield per mu is above 350 kg, apply 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 7 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu.
Fertilization ratio. Base fertilizer: 100% of the organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and 40% of the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally applied deeply as base fertilizer in combination with deep tillage between September and November. Topdressing: applied during the period when tea plants begin to sprout and new shoots grow, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer containing more nitrogen, with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied in combination, and topdressing in time after tea picking each season; the topdressing ratios of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in spring, summer and autumn account for 25%, 20% and 15% of the total fertilization amount respectively.
The application method is to dig a fertilization ditch 15-25 cm wide and deep between two rows of tea plants, mix the fertilizers evenly and apply them deeply, and cover with soil in time after application.