What are the land preparation methods for growing Coptis chinensis in natural forests?

After the site is selected, land preparation can be carried out. It is generally done in autumn. First, all the moso bamboo, thatch grass, etc. in the forest are cut down and cleared away, and the woodland is cleared; all trees are left uncut. According to the shading condition of the tree canopy, the shading degree should generally be kept above 70%. Cut down the small trees that provide too dense shade. When cutting trees, also take into account whether the trees affect the making of beds (that is, forming raised beds), with the principle of uniform shade and good shading. Then dig the soil to a depth of 12 to 15 cm, and carry all the dug-out tree roots, bamboo roots, grass roots, stones and other debris out of the forest, spread them out to dry in the sun, and then burn them into smoked soil (ash) for later use. After the ground is dug, first level it, then make beds (form raised beds). According to the mountain terrain, with a bed width of 1.5 m, a ditch width of 20 cm, and a depth of 10 cm, open straight ditches from top to bottom, and move the soil at the bottom of the ditches up to the bed surfaces on both sides. The length of the bed depends on the terrain. Generally, every 8 to 10 m, open a horizontal ditch 30 cm wide. The horizontal ditches are best opened diagonally so that drainage is smooth. After the beds are made, drainage ditches can be opened around the woodland to prevent mountain torrents caused by heavy rain from flowing into the forest and damaging the Coptis chinensis seedlings in the beds. The drainage ditches should be wider, generally 50 to 60 cm wide and 30 cm deep. If the planting area is relatively large, 1 to 2 main drainage ditches can also be opened in the forest. When opening ditches, avoid the trees as much as possible so that drainage is smooth. After the prototype of the beds is made, base fertilizer can be applied. Apply 45000 to 75000 kg per hectare of organic fertilizer such as decomposed barnyard manure, compost, or farmyard manure on the bed surface, then shallow-dig so that the fertilizer is evenly mixed with the topsoil, then cover with 3 to 5 cm of smoked soil and shape the bed surface into a tile-back shape.