Key Technical Points for Pollution-Free Apple Cultivation and Management
We fruit growers must recognize the current and future development direction of producing pollution-free apples. We should focus on applying organic fertilizer. The principles of applying organic fertilizer are: first, to increase the organic matter content of orchard soil; second, to combine organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer. We should follow the principle of controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, and increasing potassium. Apply full-nutrient fertilizer scientifically and at the right time; third, supplement trace elements.
(1) Establish a fertilization system based mainly on organic fertilizer to promote the formation of granular structure in orchard soil. After organic fertilizer is applied to the orchard, it can be converted into organic matter under the action of microorganisms, further forming a special black sticky aggregate substance, humus. Humus can combine with soil particles to cement loose soil particles together. This forms aggregates of various sizes. It can enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water; thus achieving the goals of using fertilizer to regulate water, using fertilizer to store water, and using fertilizer to save water.
(2) Supply fruit trees with various nutrients. Organic fertilizer has complete nutritional components and contains various nutrient elements needed for fruit tree growth. In the process of transformation, besides forming humus, organic matter has another pathway, which is the mineralization process. The mineralization process can convert various nutrients in organic matter that fruit trees cannot absorb and utilize into available nutrients. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, and zinc are released for fruit trees to absorb.
(3) Promote microbial activity. Organic matter is an indispensable energy source for soil microbial activity. Applying organic fertilizer is beneficial to the reproduction of microorganisms and enhances their activity, thereby promoting the decomposition of organic matter and enriching soil nutrients.
(4) Help overcome nutrient deficiency symptoms. Improve photosynthesis. During the decomposition of organic matter, organic acids and carbon dioxide can be produced. Organic acids can change the PH value of the soil.
(5) After organic fertilizer is applied to the orchard, because the soil particle structure is improved and the nutrient content in the soil is enriched, the absorption and utilization by fruit trees are further promoted. The tree body grows robustly and its activity is enhanced. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, and fruit quality and yield can be improved. The tree body's ability to resist adverse environments and pests and diseases is greatly enhanced, and the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used is reduced. Reducing environmental and fruit pollution and maintaining ecological balance play a very important role in producing pollution-free apples.