Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Spring Management of Peach Trees

Spring management of peach trees mainly refers to the management during the period before bud break, bud break, flowering, fruit set and fruit development. Its main technical points are as follows:

1. Fertilization. Peach tree branches and shoots grow rapidly and the fruit development period is short, so fertilization should be timely and reasonable. Spring fertilization mainly refers to fertilization before bud break, and the fertilization time should not exceed late February; applying it earlier is better. The fertilizer types are ammonium bicarbonate, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer. For a peach tree producing 35-50 kg of fruit per tree, apply 40 kg of high-quality decomposed human and livestock manure, 0.25 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of superphosphate and 0.4 kg of potassium chloride per tree. Fertilization method: under the tree canopy, close to the root distribution area, dig 2-3 fertilization pits, fully mix the organic fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizers, then apply them, and cover with soil promptly after application. If drought or excessive rain occurs before bud break, irrigate with dilute manure water to resist drought and drain water to prevent waterlogging.

2. Preventing physiological fruit drop. Physiological fruit drop is an important problem in peach tree growth and is especially prominent under rainy conditions. Peach tree physiological fruit drop has 3 stages: the first stage occurs after petal fall and is mainly caused by incomplete development of the pistil and pollen and poor pollination; the second stage occurs during the young fruit stage and is mainly caused by poor nutrient supply to the tree; the third stage occurs during the pit-hardening stage and is mainly caused by new shoots competing with fruit for nutrients and water. Attention should also be paid to factors such as disease and insect damage.

Measures to overcome physiological fruit drop:

1. For peach trees with vigorous tree growth, apply as little nitrogen fertilizer as possible or none in spring, and apply more base fertilizer and farmyard manure in the second half of the year.

2. Before the pit-hardening stage, control vigorous shoot growth, which can be regulated by measures such as pinching, pruning and shoot control.

3. During the rainy season, do a good job of ditching and drainage in the peach orchard to prevent waterlogging damage.

4. During the fruit growth and development period, spray the tree canopy with 0.4% urea solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to supplement the peach tree's nutrient deficiency. In addition, disease and insect control during the fruit growth period should be especially well carried out.