Smart Fertilization for Peach Trees: High-Quality and Abundant Fruit
Peach prices have been rising steadily this year, which has motivated enthusiasm for growing peaches, but with high income do not forget smart fertilization. Fertilizer is the foundation of a high yield. To have excellent fruit and a high yield next year, doing a good job of year-round fertilization for peach trees starting now is key. The utilization rate of nitrogen by peach trees is 50%, the utilization rate of phosphorus is 25%, and the utilization rate of potassium is 40%. Leaf analysis methods can be used to test soil fertility, along with field experience, to determine the annual fertilization amount and number of applications. Also, according to the standard that producing 50 kg of fresh fruit requires 250-300 g of nitrogen, 150-200 g of phosphorus, and 300-350 g of potassium, use this standard to determine yield and thereby determine the annual fertilization amount. As yield increases and the canopy expands, the fertilization amount can be increased year by year.
Do a good job of applying fertilizer in stages and in a smart way, combined with a good nutritional fertilizer, such as Dasanyuan organic-inorganic biological fertilizer, which combines the advantages of several bacterial fertilizers with beneficial microorganisms and of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and overcomes the shortcomings of using them alone. It has been used for many years in Weinan and the Guanzhong Plain, laying a good foundation for high-quality and high-yield peach trees, and it is also a relatively ideal good fertilizer.
1. Smart application of base fertilizer: autumn application is better than spring application, and early autumn application is better than late autumn and winter application. In early autumn the soil temperature is high, and cutting roots is beneficial for healing and growth; the roots absorb and accumulate more nutrients, and during the decomposition of the base fertilizer the soil temperature is also raised, storing nutrients and reducing the occurrence of freeze damage. In particular, the severe freezing damage to peach trees in the spring of this year is closely related to fertilization. It can also reduce severe fruit drop after flowering. Applying it year after year is better than applying it every other year, satisfying nutritional needs and avoiding the occurrence of alternate bearing. According to the standard mentioned above, plus various losses, to absorb a yield of 2500 kg of peaches per mu requires 17-20 kg of pure nitrogen, 10-14 kg of phosphorus, and 30-39 kg of potassium. It is recommended to apply Dasanyuan organic-inorganic biological fertilizer. This fertilizer contains a variety of beneficial microbial bacteria and 20% organic matter and 25% nitrogen. As a base fertilizer, 120-160 kg of Dasanyuan per mu is needed. Depending on the planting density per mu, the amount per tree can be 1.5-4 kg.
2. Topdressing: During the annual growth cycle, staged topdressing is indispensable.
(1) Topdressing after flowering: one week after flowering, it helps increase the fruit-setting rate and new shoot growth; apply 1-1.5 kg of Dasanyuan fertilizer per tree.
(2) Topdressing at the pit-hardening stage: it supplies embryo development, promotes early pit hardening, and helps new shoots mature and accumulate the nutrients needed for flower bud formation. With phosphorus and potassium as the main nutrients, silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer or potassium sulfate fertilizer can be used, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer; 1.5-3 kg can be applied per tree.
(3) Topdressing before harvest: it improves fruit quality, promotes fruit enlargement, and increases sugar content and coloring. With Dasanyuan biological fertilizer or potassium sulfate as the main fertilizer, apply 1-2 kg of Dasanyuan or 1-1.5 kg of potassium sulfate fertilizer per tree.
(4) Topdressing after harvest: especially for mid- and late-maturing varieties, it is necessary to restore tree vigor and increase internal nutrients to lay the foundation for a high yield next year. With Dasanyuan organic-inorganic biological fertilizer as the main fertilizer, apply 1.5-2 kg per tree.
Topdressing should be flexibly controlled according to yield and tree vigor, but topdressing in a year should be no less than 2-3 times.
3. Foliar spraying: less fertilizer is needed and results are quick. Guoyou amino acid or calcium lactate 400-600 times solution can be selected, which can directly supply the protein and organic nutrients needed by peach trees and enhance fruit firmness and storability.
Supplying the required nutrients to peach trees year-round is the key to improving peach tree yield and quality. Growers who fertilize scientifically can achieve good returns from their peach orchards every year.