Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Cultivation and Management of Greenhouse Edamame
Introduction to edamame:
The scientific name is soybean, commonly known as edamame. Soybean was called "shu" in ancient times. Soybean is the general term for soybeans of various colors such as yellow, green, black, brown and bicolor. It has a cultivation history of about 5,000 years and originated in China. About ninety percent of the soybeans grown in China are yellow soybeans. Edamame is simply fresh soybean pods; after being sun-dried, it is also called soybean. Seed size is divided into six grades: extremely large: 100-seed weight above 30 grams; extra large: 100-seed weight 24.1-30 grams; large: 100-seed weight 18.1-24 grams; medium: 100-seed weight 12.1-18 grams; small: 100-seed weight 6.1-12 grams; extremely small: 100-seed weight below 6 grams.
1. Variety selection. Choose varieties such as Zaosheng Bainiao, Liaoxian No. 1, Tezao No. 4, and Ningshu 60.
2. Sowing and seedling raising. Before sowing, apply 1,000 kg of decomposed chicken manure and 30 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer. Make beds 1.2 m wide, with a bed height of 0.2 m and a ditch width of 0.2 m. In late February, choose the "cold tail and warm head" period and sow during clear weather, using 5-6 kg of seed per mu. Direct sowing is best done in holes, with a hole spacing of 15-20 cm and a row spacing of 30-35 cm, sowing 8,000-9,000 holes per mu, 2-3 seeds per hole, and retaining 18,000-20,000 plants per mu. After sowing, cover with 2-3 cm of fine soil, and immediately after sowing cover the entire bed surface with a layer of plastic film, and fasten and press down tightly around the greenhouse to increase temperature and retain moisture and promote emergence. After the cotyledons of the seedlings push through the soil, choose a sunny day to cut the plastic film in time to let the seedlings grow.
3. Temperature control. Before emergence, the suitable temperature inside the greenhouse is 15-25℃; after full emergence, ventilate in time and maintain 20-25℃ during the day to prevent excessive growth from high temperatures; after mid-March, as the temperature gradually rises, ventilation should be strengthened, and in mid-April remove the greenhouse film.
4. Fertilizer and water management. Generally, fertilization is not suitable at the seedling stage. If leaves wrinkle due to low temperature, use 50 g of Huangyedi micro-fertilizer per mu plus 30-45 kg of water, and spray once at noon on a sunny day. At the early flowering stage, spray with boron fertilizer plus paclobutrazol, and apply 20 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer per mu as a top dressing. Fertilization can be combined with intertillage to promote root growth. Do not water after sowing and before emergence; if the seedling stage is too dry, water moderately to promote rooting; for water management during the flowering and pod-setting stage, grasp the principle of "dry flowers, wet pods": at the early flowering stage, use less water, as high humidity will cause flower and pod dropping; water after pod setting to promote pod growth, but prevent water accumulation in the field.
5. Pest and disease control. During the seedling stage of greenhouse edamame, low temperature and high humidity inside the greenhouse can easily cause damping-off and dead seedlings, which can be controlled with 200 g of chlorothalonil smoke agent per mu. At the 4-leaf stage of edamame, spray with pesticides such as chlorothalonil and carbendazim, and spray again after one week. In early spring, edamame pest occurrence is relatively light, with occasional outbreaks. The main pests include bean pod borer and bean stem black leafminer, which can be controlled with low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and flufenoxuron. Highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos are strictly prohibited. Control once every 7 days, for 2-3 consecutive applications.