What are the management methods after sesame has formed
Sesame forming refers to the middle and late stages after the sesame seedlings have grown, and management during this period is very important, directly affecting the planting benefits of sesame, so how should sesame be managed after it has formed?
Apply more fertilizer
On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer should also be applied as a top dressing at the early flowering stage of sesame. For summer sesame that could not be given base fertilizer before sowing, top dressing should be applied even earlier. Sesame requires more potassium, and at the early flowering stage a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves, generally once every 5-7 days.
Water at the right time
Under conditions of good bottom soil moisture, generally no watering is needed at the seedling stage; if water shortage occurs before budding, a light watering can be given; the flowering and capsule-setting stage is the critical period when sesame needs water, and if drought occurs during this period it must be watered; after sesame topping, generally no watering is needed.
Artificial topping
Timely topping of sesame can promote the concentrated distribution of water and nutrients to the already formed capsules and seeds, which is beneficial for early maturity and increased yield. Suitable topping time: spring-sown sesame in mid-to-late July, summer-sown sesame in mid-to-late August. Generally, topping is done when the lower capsules of the plant are close to maturity while the upper part is still flowering (the inflorescence no longer increases). Topping should be done on a sunny day. When topping, simply pinch off 2-3 cm from the top of the inflorescence with your hand.
Prevent disease and control insects
The diseases harming sesame are mainly stem spot blight, leaf wilt, and fusarium wilt, mostly occurring during the flowering and capsule-setting stage. Specific control methods: in addition to avoiding continuous cropping and soaking seeds before sowing in 55°C warm water or 5.7% copper sulfate solution for 15-30 minutes, for fields where disease has already occurred, 40% carbendazim 500-800 times solution can be sprayed per mu, once every 5-7 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays.
Sesame is susceptible to damage from cutworms, aphids, and red spiders at the seedling and flowering stages. Poison bait can be scattered to control cutworms, and systemic pesticides can be used to control aphids and red spiders.
Special reminder: foliar fertilizer spraying on sesame at the flowering stage
Sesame has erect stems and broad leaves, with dense hairs on the stems, leaves, and flowers, giving it a strong ability to receive and retain fertilizer solution. Throughout the entire flowering period of sesame, vegetative growth and reproductive growth proceed simultaneously, and fertilizer deficiency greatly affects plant growth and yield. Foliar fertilizer spraying has low cost, high work efficiency, and a good effect of supplementing water and fertilizer together, and spraying fertilizer can also be combined with disease and pest control.
1. Spraying period and frequency. The best spraying period is from the early flowering stage to the full flowering stage of sesame, avoiding rainy days, spraying once every 5-7 days.
2. Spraying time and method. Arrange it as much as possible on sunny afternoons, use a straight spray nozzle for spraying, with a wide working width for easy operation.
3. Spraying concentration and dosage. The concentration for spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.4%. Depending on the growth condition of sesame, the application rate of pure potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu per time is 300-400 grams.