What are the control methods for spinach viral disease?

Spinach, an annual or biennial herb of the genus Spinacia in the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae. Also known as boleng and Persian grass. Its leaves and tender stems are eaten. Spinach originated in Persia and was already cultivated 2000 years ago. It later spread to North Africa, and was brought by the Moors to Spain and other countries in Western Europe. Spinach was introduced to the Tang Dynasty in 647. Spinach has a well-developed main root; the fleshy root is red and sweet-tasting and edible. Spinach is a cold-tolerant vegetable and a long-day plant. In northern China, it is also sown in winter and harvested the following spring, commonly known as "maitou spinach." It can be sown in rows or broadcast. The main diseases of spinach include downy mildew, viral disease and anthracnose, and the main pests include aphids and leaf miners.

Morphological characteristics of spinach

Spinach can reach 1 m in height and is not powdery. The root is conical, reddish, rarely white. The stem is erect, hollow, fragile and juicy, unbranched or with a few branches. The leaves are hastate to ovate, bright green, tender and juicy, slightly glossy, entire or with a few tooth-like lobes. Male flowers are gathered into spherical glomerules, which are further arranged on the upper parts of the branches and stem into interrupted spicate panicles; the perianth segments are usually 4, the filaments are filiform and flattened, and the anthers have no appendages; female flowers are clustered in the leaf axils; the bracteoles are slightly flattened on both sides, with 2 small teeth remaining at the apex, and usually each has 1 spine-like appendage on the back; the ovary is spherical, and the stigmas are 4 or 5 and protruding. The utricle is ovate or nearly round, about 2.5 mm in diameter, flattened on both sides; the pericarp is brown.

How to control spinach flower viral disease?

Introduction to spinach flower viral disease

Spinach viral disease, also called mosaic disease. In recent years it has developed, and damage is relatively serious in some areas.

Symptoms of spinach flower viral disease: the heart leaves of affected plants shrink or become mosaic-like, the old leaves wither and fall early, and the plant curls into a ball. Plants infected by cucumber mosaic virus show small, deformed leaves, shortened internodes, a clustered appearance, and yellowing of new leaves; plants infected by turnip mosaic virus form irregular large flower spots with alternating dark and light colors on the leaves; the leaf margins curl upward; plants infected by beet mosaic virus have transparent veins, new leaves turn yellow, and mottling and downward curling occur.

Occurrence pattern of spinach flower viral disease. Pathogen: it overwinters on overwintering spinach and field weeds, and disease transmission in the field mainly relies on aphids. In dry autumn years, stubble spinach and protected cultivation spinach are more severely affected. When early spring is warm, spring spinach is more severely affected. Spinach in early-sown fields, wind-sheltered fields, and fields near radishes and cucumbers is more severely affected.

Control methods for spinach flower viral disease:

1) Physical control. Hanging silver-gray cloth strips in protected cultivation areas can play a role in repelling aphids.

2) Integrated control.

First, cultivation measures. Choose well-ventilated plots far from radishes and cucumbers to grow spinach; in case of spring drought and autumn drought, water more, which can reduce disease occurrence; apply sufficient organic fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve disease resistance.

Second, clean the field. In winter and early spring, weeds in the field, at field edges and in furrows should be cleared away completely, and diseased plants should be thoroughly removed and taken outside the field to be deeply buried or burned.

Third, chemical control. Use chemicals in time to control aphids, especially at the spinach seedling stage. Before disease onset or in the early stage of disease, spray 20% Virus A wettable powder at 500 times dilution, or 5% Junduqing aqueous solution at 300 times dilution, or Antivirus Agent No. 1 at 300 times dilution, to enhance immunity.