Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Potherb Mustard Viral Disease
Potherb mustard, aliases: xuelihong, jiutoujie, shaocai, paicai, etc., Brassica genus, Angiospermae, is a type of mustard. Potherb mustard is the tender stems and leaves of the cruciferous plant mustard, cool in nature and flavor, entering the Lung, Spleen, and Stomach meridians. It has the effects of promoting diuresis and stopping diarrhea, dispelling wind and dissipating blood stasis, and reducing swelling and relieving pain. It mainly treats conditions such as difficult urination, dysentery, coughing up blood, swollen and painful gums, sore throat and hoarse voice, swollen and painful hemorrhoids, itching from lacquer poisoning, traumatic injuries, and joint pain. It is a commonly used herbal medicine among the people.
Potherb mustard can be planted multiple times a year. In the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, potherb mustard sown in winter and harvested in spring is called spring vegetable, and potherb mustard sown in autumn and harvested in winter is called winter vegetable; in Hunan, Hubei, and Sichuan, there is a habit of cultivating it in all four seasons, locally called “four-season potherb mustard” (paicai).
Growth Habits of Potherb Mustard
The production area environment includes the atmosphere, soil, irrigation water, etc., and when selecting them they must meet national standard requirements. The soil is required to be loose and fertile, with high organic matter content, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no cruciferous vegetables planted in the past 2~3 years, with a neutral or slightly acidic PH.
Medicinal Value of Potherb Mustard
Xuelihong has effects such as detoxifying and reducing swelling, stimulating appetite and promoting digestion, and warming the middle and regulating qi. It mainly treats conditions such as sores and abscesses with swelling and pain, chest and diaphragm fullness and oppression, cough with excessive phlegm, loss of hearing and vision, swollen and ulcerated gums, and constipation. Nature, flavor, and meridian entry: warm in nature, sweet and pungent in flavor; enters the Liver, Stomach, and Kidney meridians. Effects and indications: detoxifying and reducing swelling, stimulating appetite and promoting digestion, warming the middle and regulating qi. Improving vision and soothing the diaphragm. It mainly treats conditions such as sores and abscesses with swelling and pain, chest and diaphragm fullness and oppression, cough with excessive phlegm, loss of hearing and vision, swollen and ulcerated gums, and constipation.
Nutritional Value of Potherb Mustard
1) Refreshing the mind and boosting spirit. Xuelihong contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, which is a highly active reducing substance and participates in important oxidation-reduction processes in the body. It can increase the oxygen content in the brain, stimulate the brain's use of oxygen, and has the effect of refreshing the mind, boosting spirit, and relieving fatigue.
2) Detoxifying and reducing swelling. Xuelihong has a detoxifying effect, can resist infection and prevent the occurrence of disease, inhibit the toxicity of bacterial toxins, promote wound healing, and can be used as an auxiliary treatment for infectious diseases.
3) Stimulating appetite and promoting digestion. After pickling, xuelihong has a special umami taste and aroma, can promote gastric and intestinal digestive function, increase appetite, and can be used to stimulate appetite and help digestion.
4) Improving vision and soothing the diaphragm, loosening the intestines and relieving constipation. Xuelihong has relatively coarse and hard tissues and contains carotene and a large amount of dietary fiber, so it has the effect of improving vision and loosening the intestines to relieve constipation. It can be used as an excellent dietary therapy for eye patients, and can also prevent and treat constipation. It is especially suitable for elderly people and those with habitual constipation.
Symptoms and Control of Potherb Mustard Viral Disease
What is viral disease?
Viral disease is a disease caused by parasitic plant viruses. Plant viruses must live parasitically inside host cells and are highly specific; a certain virus can only infect a certain plant or certain plants. However, a few are widely harmful, such as tobacco mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus. Generally, plant viruses are active only in the living body of the host; only a few plant viruses can remain active in diseased plant residues for days, months, or even years, and a few plant viruses can survive or multiply in the living bodies of insects. Plant viruses replicate nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) and protein coats in host cells to form new virus particles. The transfer speed of plant virus particles or viral nucleic acid between plant cells is very slow, but in the vascular bundles they can transfer rapidly along the direction of the plant's nutrient flow, causing the whole plant to become diseased.
Symptom Identification of Potherb Mustard Viral Disease
In the field, symptoms often appear complex due to compound infection by multiple viruses. They can be divided into the following 4 types:
1. Mosaic type: The typical symptoms are irregular chlorosis on diseased leaves and diseased fruits, with mottling of alternating dark green and light green. Plant growth shows no obvious abnormality, but in severe cases, in addition to mottling, the diseased leaves and diseased fruits become deformed and shrunken, the leaf veins become transparent, plant growth is slow or dwarfed, small fruits are produced, and the fruits are difficult to turn red or only partially turn red, becoming rigid.
2. Yellowing type: Diseased leaves turn yellow. In severe cases, the upper leaves of the plant all turn yellow, forming yellow above and green below, and the plant becomes dwarfed with obvious leaf drop.
3. Necrotic type: Includes top necrosis, mottled necrosis, and stripe necrosis. Top necrosis refers to the young and tender parts at the tips of branches turning brown and necrotic, while symptoms on the rest are not obvious; mottled necrosis can occur on leaves and fruits, with lesions reddish-brown or dark brown, irregular in shape, sometimes perforated or developing into large yellowish-brown spots, with a dark green ring around the lesion, and leaves rapidly yellowing and falling off; stripe necrosis mainly appears on branches, with reddish-brown lesions extending upward and downward along the branch. The diseased parts shed leaves, flowers, and fruits, and in severe cases the entire plant withers and dries up.
4. Deformation type: Manifested as diseased leaves thickening, becoming smaller, or appearing fern-like, with wrinkled leaf surfaces. Plant internodes shorten, the plant becomes dwarfed, and branches and leaves grow in clusters. Diseased fruits show mottling of alternating dark green and light green, or mottling of alternating yellow and green. The diseased fruits are deformed, with uneven and bumpy surfaces. Diseased fruits fall off easily.
Control Methods for Potherb Mustard Viral Disease:
1 Agricultural control: ① Select disease-resistant varieties. ② Strengthen cultivation management, practice reasonable crop rotation, remove diseased residue after harvest, and pay attention to disinfecting hands and tools during field operations. ③ Seed disinfection: soak seeds in clean water for 4 hours, then remove them and place them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, then wash them clean and germinate before sowing.
2 New types of viral disease resistance inducers such as gluco-oligosaccharide or amino-oligosaccharin can also be used for control.
Viral disease should focus on prevention and integrated control. Agents on the market for controlling viral disease include Zhibingling, 32% riboside · bromo · moroxydine (brand-new formula), Kangbingwei (Virus K), Bingdu Like, Virus A, Virus B, Virus Shaxing, etc. Under normal circumstances, if the viral disease is not serious, generally using any one of the above agents 3 times for control is sufficient, but if the disease is serious and environmental conditions are unfavorable for vegetable growth, relying on any one of the above agents alone for control is not ideal.
Chemical control: For diseased plants and fruit trees around the diseased plants, at about 5 days during the budding period, the flower reddening period, 7 days after flower drop, and from after the Summer Solstice to before the Autumn Equinox, at these 4 periods, respectively use <