Symptoms and Control Methods of Eleocharis Leaf Blight
Eleocharis, also known as water chestnut, water nut, shao, fuci, wuyu, puji, dili, belongs to the monocotyledonous family Cyperaceae, is a perennial herbaceous plant with persistent roots, oblate, pointed at the top, smooth and glossy surface, purplish-red or dark brown, grows in ponds and marshes, with dark green aboveground stems growing in clusters, and the underground corms are edible. Because it resembles a horse's hoof, people also call it water chestnut. Its appearance resembles a chestnut, and not only its shape, but even its nature, flavor, composition, and functions are similar to those of the chestnut, and because it bears fruit in mud, it is also called “dili”.
Distribution areas of Eleocharis
Eleocharis is native to India. There are about 150 species worldwide, widely distributed throughout the world, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. China has records of cultivation since the Western Han Dynasty. At present there are more than 20 species and some varieties, mainly distributed in low-lying areas of Guangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and some areas of Hebei are also distributed. Baihu Town, Lujiang County, Anhui Province, is rich in high-quality Eleocharis and is China's largest “hometown of Eleocharis”. Qingshan Town, Lipu County, Guilin City, Guangxi, is a nationally recognized “hometown of water chestnut”. Lechang Eleocharis in the Shaoguan area of Guangdong is famous for its large size, thin skin, tender flesh, abundant moisture, clear sweetness without residue, and crisp, refreshing taste. In addition, Maoli Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, is also an Eleocharis producing area, and has long been exported overseas and is renowned far and wide.
Nutritional value of Eleocharis
Eleocharis is rich in nutrition. According to analysis: every 100 g of fresh corms contains 0.8-1.5 g protein, 12.9-21.8 g carbohydrates, 0.3 g fat, 0.3 g crude fiber, 0.8 g ash, 4 mg calcium, 45 mg phosphorus, 0.8 mg iron, as well as a small amount of carotene and vitamin C. The phosphorus contained in Eleocharis is relatively high among root and tuber vegetables, can promote human growth and development and maintain the needs of physiological functions, is of great benefit to the development of teeth and bones, and at the same time can promote the metabolism of the three major substances in the body - sugar, fat, and protein - and regulate acid-base balance, therefore Eleocharis is suitable for children to eat.
Symptoms and control of Eleocharis leaf blight
Eleocharis leaf blight is an important disease in the cultivation of Eleocharis. This disease occurs in all Eleocharis cultivation areas and causes serious damage.
Symptoms of Eleocharis leaf blight: In the early stage of the disease, pinhead-sized small black spots appear on the tubular leaves, and the outer area of the black spots fades to green and turns yellow. As the disease develops, the small black spots expand into round or oval black lesions 2-4 mm in diameter, and the area around the lesions turns yellow. When the disease is severe, the tubular leaves wither in large quantities as early as July-August, lose photosynthesis, and the underground corms (Eleocharis) are very small or cannot form, seriously affecting Eleocharis yield. The leaf blight pathogen overwinters on diseased residues in winter, and in the following year during the Eleocharis growing season produces conidia that spread by wind and infect the plants.
The control methods for Eleocharis leaf blight are as follows:
1. Promptly remove diseased residues from the field, take them out of the field and burn them in a centralized manner, or pile them up and compost them thoroughly and use them as fertilizer.
2. In the early stage of the disease, use 60-80 g of 40% hekuling wettable powder per mu, or 100 g of 50% mancozeb wettable powder, or 50 g of 50% carbendazim powder mixed with 50 g of 15% triadimefon powder, dilute with 40-50 kg of water and spray evenly. For severely diseased field plots, spray again after an interval of 7-10 days. The control effect can reach more than 90%.