How can fruit tree planting improve the success rate of cultivation?
How can fruit tree planting improve the success rate of cultivation?
1. Tidy the root system. After fruit trees are dug out from the nursery, the root system has already been damaged. To reduce the injured area, it should be tidied. Use scissors to remove part of the main root, and cut large lateral roots flat at the injured point. Do not cut at an angle, so the wounds heal easily.
2. Tidy the branches and leaves. After the roots are cut, they cannot absorb enough water from the soil to supply evaporation from the aboveground branches and leaves. Cut off 2/3 of the branches and leaves to reduce transpiration, thereby increasing the survival rate.
3. Plant at the right time. Spring planting should be carried out after the soil thaws and before the seedlings bud. Planting too early or too late is not conducive to seedling survival. Because tree species have different characteristics, planting times should differ. Peach, apricot, plum, etc. are suitable for early planting, while red dates, etc. are suitable for late planting. Generally, planting immediately after the soil freezes is appropriate.
4. Select high-quality seedlings. The quality of seedlings is one of the important factors affecting the survival rate after planting. Whenever possible, choose seedlings with high technical standard specifications, such as those free of pests and diseases, growing robustly, with well-developed root systems, and short, thick internodes. Before planting, carefully select seedlings, remove unqualified weak seedlings, leggy seedlings, diseased and injured seedlings, etc., and tidy the seedlings.
5. Planting technique. First, apply enough base fertilizer. In each planting hole, apply 1 kg of Leili seaweed fertilizer, 2 kg of Aoli bacterial fertilizer, and 0.2 kg of Aoli biological organic microbial agent, mix well with soil, and then plant. Second, soak the roots in nutrient solution. Before transplanting, place the root system in a nutrient solution prepared in a ratio of 15 ml of Genwang, 25 ml of Jikeshan, and 10 L of water, and soak for 30 minutes. This can promote healing of root wounds, speed up the recovery of root growth, and improve the survival rate. Third, remove the film at the graft union. If the grafting film is not removed, the lower and upper parts of the graft union will thicken as they grow, while growth at the graft union will be unsynchronized, and in strong winds it is easy for the tree to break at the graft union. Fourth, spread the root system flat. After placing the seedling into the planting hole, spread the root system flat and let it extend naturally to ensure normal root growth. Fifth, pour enough settling water. Place the seedling into the planting hole, cover with a thin layer of fine soil, pour enough settling water so the roots and soil connect tightly, then cover with another layer of soil. Sixth, pay attention to the graft union. When planting citrus fruit trees, the graft union should be exposed, while for bayberry, plum, peach, chestnut, and other fruit trees, the graft union should not be exposed, so they can grow and develop normally. Seventh, cover the tree basin. After planting, cover the surface soil around the tree base with straw, thatch, crop stalks, or pig and cattle manure to maintain soil moisture and help recovery growth.
6. Cover with plastic film. After planting is completed, rake the surrounding area fine into a shallow pot shape centered on the planted seedling, and cover with plastic film 80-100 cm square. This can effectively raise soil temperature, resist drought and preserve moisture, and promote early and vigorous bud growth.
7. Fertilizer and water management. After fruit tree planting, apply fertilizer water once each on the 10th day and the 20th day. This is key to restoring root growth. Ten days after planting, the root callus tissue begins to recover. At this time, prepare a solution in a ratio of 15 ml of Genwang, 15 ml of Jikeshan, 0.25 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, and 50 L of water, and pour 1 L per plant. This can improve root vitality and shorten the seedling recovery period. Twenty days after planting, prepare a solution in a ratio of 0.25 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 23 g of 3% metalaxyl · hymexazol, and 50 L of water, and pour 1 L of solution per plant. This can promote vigorous sprouting of new shoots. Until August, apply 0.3% high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer once each month, and the seedling survival rate reaches 95%.
8. Trunk heading. According to cultivation requirements, at the trunk heading height, choose a point with 35 plump buds and cut there. The cut should be smooth, without splitting, and treated with a sealing agent or wrapped with plastic film to prevent water loss and drying out. In areas with frequent spring winds, support stakes should be set up to prevent the tree body from swaying.
9. Management after planting. For newly planted seedlings, follow the management principle of “promote early, control later,” irrigate promptly according to fruit tree growth status and soil moisture, and apply additional fertilizer at the right time. At the same time, pay attention to pest and disease control during the seedling stage. Create as good an environmental condition as possible for seedling growth.