How to Grow Peanuts for High Yield? Key Technical Points Explained

The peanut is the seed of the leguminous plant groundnut. Because it sets fruit after the flower falls, when the flower stalk burrows into the soil, it is also called “groundnut”; and because of its high nutritional value, eating it can prolong life, it is also called the “longevity nut”. So how should it be grown to achieve high yield? Key points for high-yield peanut cultivation: choose good varieties 1. When selecting varieties, you must choose varieties suitable for high yield, high oil content and strong disease resistance according to local natural conditions such as soil and climate. 2. It is recommended that growers replace varieties every 2-3 years. Farmers with good conditions should buy 1-2 mu of high-quality, high-yield varieties each year for seed propagation, and the following year select the varieties propagated the previous year for field planting. This not only saves a large amount of seed purchase costs, but also increases yield and income. 3. Use summer-sown peanuts as seed, screen out moldy and germinated seeds, and ensure sowing quality. In addition, try not to use spring-sown peanuts for seed retention, so as to avoid poor emergence. Tip: Seeds have certain regional characteristics. When changing varieties, on the one hand, check whether the variety has been approved in this region; on the other hand, do not rush. First plant a small amount, and after it is stable, plant on a large scale. By all means avoid blindly introducing so-called high-yield varieties from other places; the long-term stability of the seed is crucial. Key points for high-yield peanut cultivation: land preparation 1. Land preparation -- deep plowing and improvement of the soil. The soil should be deeply plowed to deepen the active soil layer, and the plowing depth should reach 26-32cm, which can effectively improve the soil plow layer and reduce the occurrence of seedling-stage diseases. 2. Crop rotation. Implement a reasonable 3-4 year crop rotation system, and avoid continuous cropping of peanuts with leguminous crops. Key points for high-yield peanut cultivation: rational fertilization Scientific, rational and balanced fertilization is one of the key factors to ensure high peanut yield. It is recommended to carry out soil testing and formulated fertilization according to local conditions. To fertilize in a way that meets the nutrients needed for peanut growth, we must understand the sixteen elements needed for peanut growth. Among them, the four elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium are required in the largest amounts, and trace elements such as sulfur, boron, molybdenum, zinc, manganese and iron are also indispensable. Calculated by the fertilizer requirement for producing 100 kg of peanut pods: nitrogen 6-7 kg, calcium 5 kg, potassium 4 kg, phosphorus 2 kg. Each region can refer to local products and soil conditions for fertilization. To conserve water, activate the soil and improve fertilizer use efficiency, organic biological bacterial fertilizer or other organic fertilizer should be added per mu. In fertilization methods, everyone should note the following points: (1) Peanut fertilization should follow the principle of mainly base fertilizer and supplementing with topdressing. Rhizosphere topdressing should preferably be done at the flowering and pegging stage. (2) According to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of peanuts and the soil fertility foundation, reasonably arrange the timing, type, amount and method of fertilization. (3) For spring peanuts grown under plastic film, various organic fertilizers should be applied to the field as base fertilizer when preparing the land in early spring or before winter. (4) Fertilization should be sufficient, concentrated, applied in furrows as appropriate, and applied deeply. This is because nitrogen fertilizer is volatile, phosphate fertilizer has weak ability to penetrate up and down in the soil layer and to spread left and right; potassium fertilizer and calcium ions have an antagonistic effect. And the root mass most active in absorbing nutrients for peanuts is below the pod-setting layer. Key points for high-yield peanut cultivation: sowing 1. Temperature control: The most suitable air temperature for peanut seed germination is 25—37 degrees Celsius. Below 10 degrees Celsius or above 40 degrees Celsius, some varieties cannot germinate. For spring-sown peanuts, the lowest suitable average soil temperature at the 10 cm sowing layer is: stable above 12 degrees Celsius for early-maturing varieties, and stable above 15 degrees Celsius for medium and late varieties. 2. Humidity control: At sowing, the relative soil water content should preferably be 70%-75%, that is, the soil in the plow layer can form a ball when held in the hand and is relatively loose when rubbed by hand. If the soil moisture is insufficient, timely irrigation should be carried out before sowing to ensure full seedlings and strong seedlings. If heavy rain occurs after sowing and causes severe soil compaction, measures such as drainage and hoeing to loosen the soil should be taken to create good and suitable conditions for seed germination and emergence. 3. Sowing depth: Sowing depth should be flexibly controlled according to soil texture, soil moisture, air temperature and groundwater. Clay soil should be shallower, generally about 3.3-5. Sandy soil and soil with a high sand content should preferably be 5-7cm deep. When soil moisture is poor, it can be appropriately deeper; when moisture is good, it can be appropriately shallower. Grasp the principle of not sowing too deep when dry and not sowing too shallow when wet, with about 5cm being most suitable. 4. Precision sowing of peanuts on ridges: Precision sowing of peanuts on ridges has the advantages of thickening the active soil layer, allowing irrigation in drought and drainage in waterlogging, and strong ventilation and light transmission, which is beneficial to peanut growth and development, promotes more pods and earlier podding, and large and plump pods. Actual production data: Taking the summer peanut Xiaobaisha in the largest peanut county in the country as an example: the production ridge width is 85-90cm. Row spacing: 40-45cm, hill spacing 11.5cm, with a single seed or 2 seeds per hill; sowing 13~15 kg per mu. Actual number of sowing hills per mu: 8000~14000 hills/mu. Key points for high-yield peanut cultivation: pest and disease management 1. Seedling-stage management (1) When peanut seedlings break through the soil and show two true leaves, check the field for missing hills, and if there are missing hills, immediately reseed. (2) Yellow or weak peanut seedlings may indicate a lack of trace elements. You can apply “Boxiang Sanbao” or “Gaoxiao Gaochangling”, one bag per watering can, to supplement various nutrients needed at the seedling stage and regulate growth, achieving the effect of promoting roots and strengthening seedlings. (3) Seedlings are fundamental. Use Boxiang Yibao from the Boxiang Sanbao high-yield combination package to prevent and control root diseases while also achieving the effect of promoting roots and strengthening seedlings. Strictly follow the principle of “prevention first, combining prevention and control, and integrated control” to reduce the occurrence of diseases, thereby achieving high yield and high quality. (4) Watering: During this period, peanuts have relatively strong drought resistance. Under very dry conditions, just combine with light watering (what farmers call: horse-running water); light sprinkler irrigation is best. 2. Management at the late full-flowering stage From when 50% of the plants begin to flower to when 50% of the plants show chicken-head-shaped young pods is the flowering and pegging stage. During this period, the plants flower and peg in large numbers, and both vegetative growth and reproductive growth are at the beginning of their peak stage. The number of flowers can account for 50%~60% of the total number of flowers, and the number of pegs formed can account for 30~50% of the total, with many pegs entering the soil. In management, promotion and control should be combined, striving for many flowers, uniform pegs, many pods and plump pods. The main measures are: (1) Earth up to thicken the soil layer to meet the pegs, shorten the distance for pegs to enter the soil, so that pegs enter the soil earlier, set fruit earlier, and form more peanut pods. (2) Water management: The flowering and pegging stage is the period of greatest water demand in the peanut's life (and also the critical period for peanut water demand). The water requirement accounts for half of the total water requirement of the whole growth period. The suitable soil water content in this period is 60%~70% of the maximum field water-holding capacity. If the maximum field water-holding capacity is below 50%, irrigation should be carried out in time. When watering, use small-furrow moist irrigation, and by all means avoid flood irrigation. If there is excessive rainfall, it should be drained in time to avoid excessive stem and leaf growth and lodging, which would reduce yield and quality. (3) According to this period, use Boxiang Erbao from the Boxiang Sanbao high-yield combination package for spraying and integrated control. Its main role is to control excessive growth, promote the transfer of nutrients to the roots, make pods large and plump, and increase the pod-setting rate. 3. Management at the full-pod maturity stage From when 50% of the plants show full pods to when most pods are plump and mature is the full-pod maturity stage, referred to as the full-pod stage. For spring-sown peanuts, the full-pod stage is 40-50 days, and for summer-sown peanuts it is 30-40 days. Key points for high-yield peanut cultivation: harvest According to surveys of harvest times in fields and bases in recent years, peanuts harvested 15-20 days earlier than the seed's original growth cycle generally have a yield reduction of about 30% per mu. How to grasp the best harvest time: 1. Look at the growth of the whole plant: the top leaves fall late, the branches turn yellow, the plant is not withered and thin, and the stems are just glossy. Specifically in the field, observe that the leaves at the base of the stems and branches have basically turned yellow and fallen, the stems and branches are changing from green to yellow, and 4-6 intact leaves remain at the top; 2. For the underground part, dig open the soil layer and check whether the pod reticulation is clear, shell the pods and check the color of the kernels, the color of the inner wall of the pod shell, whether the pod shell has hardened, etc.; 3. Calculate the number of days according to the seed's inherent growth cycle. Spring sowing is generally 125-135 days, and summer direct-sown peanuts are 100-115 days.