Detailed Explanation of Spring Management Methods and Technical Key Points for Peach Trees

Spring management of peach trees mainly refers to the management during the period before bud break, bud break, flowering, fruit set and fruit development. Its main technical key points are as follows:

1. Fertilization. Peach tree shoots grow rapidly and the fruit development period is short, so fertilization should be timely and reasonable. Spring fertilization mainly refers to fertilization before bud break. The fertilization time should not be later than late February, and applying it earlier is better. The fertilizer types are chemical ammonium bicarbonate, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer. For a peach tree producing 35-50 kg of fruit per tree, apply 40 kg of high-quality decomposed human and livestock manure, 0.25 kg of urea, 0.15 kg of superphosphate, and 0.4 kg of potassium chloride per tree. Fertilization method: under the tree canopy, close to the root distribution area, dig 2-3 fertilization pits, fully mix the organic fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium chemical fertilizers and apply them, then cover with soil promptly after application. If drought or excessive rain occurs before bud break, irrigate with dilute manure water to resist drought and drain to prevent waterlogging.

2. Preventing physiological fruit drop. Physiological fruit drop is an important problem in peach tree growth and is especially prominent under rainy conditions. Peach tree physiological fruit drop has 3 periods: the first period occurs after flower fall, mainly caused by incomplete pistil and pollen development and poor pollination; the second period is during the young fruit stage, mainly caused by poor nutrient supply to the tree; the third period occurs during the pit-hardening stage, mainly caused by new shoots competing with fruit for nutrients and water. Attention should also be paid to factors such as disease and insect damage.

3. Measures to overcome physiological fruit drop

1. For peach trees with vigorous growth, apply as little nitrogen fertilizer as possible or none in spring, and apply more base fertilizer and farmyard manure in the second half of the year.

2. Control vigorous shoot growth before the pit-hardening stage. Measures such as pinching, pruning and shoot control can be used for regulation.

3. During the rainy season, do a good job of trenching and drainage in the peach orchard to prevent waterlogging damage.

4. During the fruit growth and development period, spray the tree canopy with 0.4% urea solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to supplement the peach tree's nutrient deficiency. In addition, special attention should be paid to disease and insect control during the fruit growth period.