Detailed Explanation of Key Points of New Jackfruit Planting Techniques

Jackfruit is an evergreen tree of the genus Artocarpus in the Moraceae family, also known as Muqiangluo and Shuyeluo. It is an excellent fruit tree that combines fruit, timber, food and ornamental value in one. Hainan is the main growing region, and it is also cultivated in Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan, China, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places.

I. Site selection

Yeluo honey jackfruit requires sufficient sunlight but is also fairly shade-tolerant. Seedlings are even more averse to strong sunlight, so it can be interplanted with lychee, longan, wampee, banana and plantain. Appropriate and reasonable close planting should be adopted, and more vegetative branches and shoots should be retained. It has low soil requirements, but fertile, moist and deep soil is best.

II. Propagation of seedlings

In various places, seed propagation is the main method. During the main fruit ripening period, select fully mature dry-pod fruits with normal fruit development and no pests or diseases for seed selection. Wash them clean with water, then spread them evenly on a sand bed for germination, cover the sand bed with 1-2 cm of fine river sand, and then cover with 1 layer of rice straw. Water 1-2 times daily. After about 1 week, they will gradually sprout and take root. When the seedlings grow 1-2 true leaves, they can be transplanted to separate beds. During separate-bed transplanting, shorten the main root, dip the root system briefly in a 50 mg/kg rooting powder solution before transplanting, and it is best to directly raise the seedlings in nutrient bags. The plastic bags are 25 cm X 35 cm. The nutrient soil is made by mixing cow dung and topsoil at 3:7 and composting.

III. Orchard establishment

(1) Reclamation, hole digging and application of base fertilizer. On flat land or gentle slopes below 5 degrees, machine-plow and deep-turn once, then level the land. On hilly land, open contour belts or terraces along contour lines, with a surface width of 1.5-2.5 m. Generally mark according to a plant spacing of 5-6 m and row spacing of 6-7 m, planting 225-330 plants/hectare. Dig holes 0.8-1.0 m in length, width and depth. When digging holes, pile topsoil and subsoil separately. Backfill soil 1-2 months before planting. First apply topsoil at the lowest layer, then place weeds, branches and leaves mixed with 0.5 kg lime, then backfill 1 layer of topsoil, place pond mud, 50 kg livestock and poultry manure and 0.5 kg phosphate fertilizer, then backfill 1 layer of topsoil to fill 20 cm above the ground. After 15-20 days, when the soil mound subsides, planting can begin.

(2) Planting. Spring planting is best. Select strong seedlings with a height of 25-26 cm for planting. Cover the base of the tree with grass to retain moisture, provide appropriate shading, and water thoroughly to settle the roots.

IV. Management measures

(1) Reasonable fertilization. For young trees, in addition to applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in winter, apply quick-acting fertilizer before each new shoot flush. For fruiting trees, after harvest, apply heavy organic fertilizer combined with a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer. Apply quick-acting fertilizer in early spring before sprouting and inflorescence emergence. When the fruit rapidly enlarges, apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer again.

(2) Sufficient water. Sufficient water is required during the flowering period and fruit development period, but waterlogging easily occurs in the rainy season, so drainage work should be done well.

(3) Appropriate pruning and fruit thinning. Pruning mainly involves cutting off dead branches, weak branches and overly dense branches. After harvest, cut off fruit-bearing branches and male flower branches remaining on the trunk and large branches. Winter pruning is the main approach, and appropriate pruning should also be done after harvest and in spring. In the 1st year, retain 2 fruits per plant; in the 2nd year, retain 4 fruits; thereafter retain 2-3 more fruits each year.

(4) Girdling and ring cutting to promote flowering. If jackfruit does not bear fruit for many years after planting, or excessive vegetative growth affects flowering and fruiting, bark girdling or ring cutting can be carried out on the trunk and main branches.; Or make cuts on the trunk and main branches every 30 cm (cutting with a knife or axe is sufficient), to the extent of injuring the bark but not the xylem. The latex that flows out need not be wiped off.

(5) Common pests and diseases. The main pests and diseases include longhorn beetles, beetles, stinging slugs, aphids, scarab beetles, cottony cushion scale, and leaf spot disease, sooty mold, and soft rot of flowers and fruits.

V. Timely harvesting

The fruit development period of jackfruit is about 4 months, and the fruit ripening period is relatively concentrated from June to August.

Yeluo honey jackfruit ripens at different times, so it must be harvested in stages. When the hexagonal wart-like protrusions on the peel are rounded and protruding, the appearance is plump, the peel feels slightly soft to the touch, and a fragrant aroma can be smelled, it can be harvested. After harvesting, let it ripen for 2-3 days before eating. The 1 leaf closest to the fruit stalk turning yellow and falling off is a sign that the fruit is ripe; if the leaf only turns yellow but does not fall, then it is only 80-90% ripe. Tap the fruit with a wooden or bamboo stick: if the sound is dull and heavy, it is ripe; if the sound is loud and solid, it is unripe.