Detailed Explanation of Key Points of High-Yield Rice Cultivation Techniques
Since the advent of hybrid rice, rice yields have been rising year after year, but this increase is based on the selection of rice varieties. Under the condition of the same rice variety, to achieve high-quality and high-yield rice, we need to use cultivation techniques to carefully plant and cultivate the rice. Below, the editor introduces some techniques for increasing rice yield and methods for farmland rice management. Let's take a look together.
High-Yield Rice Cultivation Techniques
1. Sowing at the right time: For late-maturing varieties in flat river areas, enter the greenhouse around April 5; for medium and early-maturing varieties in hilly and mountainous areas, enter the greenhouse around April 10. Prepare about 1 kg of seed per mu. Before sowing, use a "500-fold" carbendazim solution to thoroughly disinfect the greenhouse and seedling trays. Sow 0.5 kg of dry paddy seed per tray. Sowing should be uniform, without overlapping and without empty spaces.
2. Greenhouse management: On the 1st-2nd day after entering the greenhouse, use high temperature to break the hull, keeping the greenhouse at 35-38°C, with the sprouted grain moist and no standing water in the seedling trays. After that, lower the greenhouse temperature by 1.5-2°C each day to grow seedlings at a suitable temperature. On the 3rd-4th day after entering the greenhouse, lower the room temperature to 25-30°C. Be careful to press down promptly with a small wooden board; the bud tips should carry dew drops, and the root hairs should be moist without standing water. On the 5th-6th day after entering the greenhouse, lower the greenhouse temperature to 20-25°C. Be careful to ventilate and harden the seedlings in time, and stop heating on the 7th day. Throughout the entire greenhouse seedling-raising period, pay attention to timely water spraying and tray adjustment to grow small seedlings with one leaf and one heart, ready for temporary transplanting.
3. Seedbed preparation: Reserve seedling fields and main fields at a ratio of 1:8-10, plow and level dry, and pick out residual stubble and debris. When soaking the seeds, irrigate and soak the field. Apply 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure and 30 kg of superphosphate per mu. Level with a plow and harrow, dig furrows and make beds, and let them air-dry for 1-2 days. Bed width is 100-130 cm, bed length depends on the field plot, furrow width is 20-25 cm, and the bed surface is level, firm on top and loose below.
4. Temporary transplanting of small seedlings: Take advantage of sunny days to transplant temporarily according to specifications, with a density of 1-1.5 cun square, two plants per spot. The seedlings are required to stand upright, with roots coated in mud. After temporary transplanting, cover the roots with fine ash manure to keep them warm and stabilize the seedlings.
5. Irrigation of seedling fields: Within one week after temporary transplanting of small seedlings, do not let water onto the bed surface. On sunny days, keep the furrows full of water; on cloudy days, drain the water dry, keeping the bed surface dry and refreshing to promote downward root growth. After "changing clothes," irrigate with shallow water. Before the three-leaf stage, alternate dry and wet conditions. During continuous low-temperature cold wave weather, adopt warming measures such as deep water to protect seedlings and film covering to prevent freezing, so as to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by cold. In addition, after prolonged cloudy, rainy, and low-temperature weather, promptly spray a "500-fold" carbendazim solution to prevent damping-off disease. After the three-leaf stage, maintain a shallow water layer. One week before transplanting, irrigate with deep water to facilitate pulling up the seedlings.
6. Topdressing in seedling fields: At the 2-leaf 1-heart stage of the seedlings, splash 1000 kg of decomposed dilute urine water per mu or apply 3-5 kg of urea as a weaning fertilizer. At the 4-5 leaf stage, apply 5-8 kg of urea per mu to promote tillering. One week before transplanting, apply 3-5 kg of urea per mu as "send-off fertilizer."
7. Weeding in seedling fields: Remove weeds among the seedlings by hand.
8. Standards for strong seedlings: Before transplanting, they can still maintain the pattern of simultaneous leaf and tiller extension, with a seedling age of 40-50 days, leaf age of 6-8 leaves, seedling height of 35-40 cm, 3-5 tillers per plant, more than 10 white roots, and old, sturdy leaves that are clean and free of pests and diseases.
Water Management in Seedbeds
1. When the bottom water has been thoroughly watered, in principle try not to water before the 2-leaf stage. Later, watering the seedbed should follow three observations: first, observe whether there are dew drops on the leaf tips in the morning and evening; second, observe whether the newly unfolded leaves curl at noon under high temperature; third, observe whether the surface of the seedbed soil turns white. If the leaves do not exude water in the morning and evening, the newly unfolded leaves curl at noon, and the seedbed soil surface turns white, water thoroughly and completely with water warmed for a morning at one time, reduce the number of waterings as much as possible, and do not irrigate the bed with cold water, as this will cause cold-water stiff seedlings and affect rice seedling growth and development.
2. Try to achieve dry raising for strong seedlings; water grows seedlings, dryness grows roots. If you want the seedlings to form a good root mat, you must control the moisture in the seedbed. Only under dry-raising conditions can seedlings promote root development. Especially 2-3 days before transplanting, it is best not to water, so as to keep the seedling roots under dry-raising conditions. If the seedlings do not form a good root mat before transplanting, apply root-promoting agent by drenching 1-2 days before transplanting, which can make rice seedlings produce more roots, more white roots, longer roots, and a good root mat.
Fertilization Principles for Rice
1. Implement balanced fertilization. According to the fertilizer requirements of each crop, the soil nutrient supply status, and fertilizer effects, determine the corresponding fertilization amount and method. Based on the principle of combining organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer and combining base fertilizer with topdressing, achieve balanced fertilization.
2. Implement harmless treatment of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer produced and used by farmers themselves must be decomposed and fermented, undergo harmless treatment, and kill pathogenic microorganisms, insect eggs, and weed seeds. It is forbidden to use industrial waste, urban garbage and sludge, and farmyard manure that does not meet harmless treatment standards.
3. Implement compounding and specialization of inorganic fertilizers. The types of fertilizers selected should conform to the fertilizer varieties and quality requirements specified in fertilizer quality standards. As much as possible, choose organic-inorganic compound fertilizers and compound fertilizers specialized for various crops.
Pest and Disease Control
1. Diseases: The main disease needing attention in the late growth stage of rice is rice blast. After rice heading, seize the opportunity to apply pesticide 2-3 times, with an interval of about 7 days. About 100 g of tricyclazole wettable powder can be used per mu, mixed with 30 kg of water for foliar spraying.
2. Insect pests: The main pests in the late growth stage of rice include white-backed planthopper, brown planthopper, armyworm, and rice leaf roller. These four pests all have long-distance migratory and sudden outbreak characteristics, and timely control should be noted. You can choose the grenade insecticide series produced by Guangxi Jiuhe - a dedicated insecticide for rice leaf roller mixed with a dedicated insecticide for rice planthopper. The dosage per mu is 30 ml for both, mixed with 45-60 kg of water for foliar spraying. The control effect is especially excellent.
High-quality rice can provide basic protection for people's health, and high-yield rice can increase farmers' economic income. High-yield rice cultivation techniques plus reasonable farmland management methods can not only increase rice yield but also improve rice quality, so friends who grow rice can refer to this.