Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Greenhouse Cultivation of Summer Black Grapes
When I was a child, there were often some wild grapes at my dad's workplace, climbing up along the branches. When they fruited in summer, clusters of red grapes hung on the trees, so beautiful! Today let's learn together how to cultivate grapes in a greenhouse!
Greenhouse Cultivation Techniques for Summer Black Grapes
1. Trellis cultivation with natural fan-shaped pruning, row spacing 1.7 m, plant spacing 0.8 m. In places with a lot of rain, the distance between the first wire above ground and the ground should be more than 80 cm, to prevent rain-splashed mud and sand from contaminating the fruit surface. This trellis type is conducive to fully utilizing land, wind and light, and is especially beneficial for early
2. Cluster trimming and fruit thinning. Summer Black grape clusters are neat, mostly without shouldered clusters, with occasional double clusters. It is recommended that for any double clusters, one be removed. For overly long clusters, pinch off the cluster tip 10 days before flowering. On average, each fruiting cane should retain only 1 cluster, i.e. for vigorous canes at the upper end of the trellis, 2 clusters may be retained as appropriate; for new shoots of medium vigor, retain 1 cluster; on weak canes and training canes, retain no fruit clusters. Summer Black berries are tightly set, so fruit thinning is recommended. Manual fruit thinning takes too much time; you may lightly water at full bloom and fruit set, or, when spraying fungicides, deliberately spray the fruit clusters to promote moderate flower and fruit drop. Alternatively, at full bloom and fruit set, moderately shaking or striking the vine can also serve to thin flowers and fruits.
3. Berry enlargement treatment. Currently on the domestic grape market, large berries are still favored. Fruit enlargement helps increase yield and raise commercial value. Summer Black grapes grown naturally have small berries; this is a common trait of seedless grapes, so enlargement treatment is recommended. 15 days after flower drop, use 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution, dip or spray the fruit clusters, and repeat once 12 to 15 days later. Or, when the berries are the size of soybean grains, use 45 mg/kg gibberellin solution, with 10 ml of forchlorfenuron per 1-1.5 kg plus Gaoshou, and spray or dip the fruit clusters; one application is enough.
4. Fruit bagging. Bagging grapes has many benefits: prevents disease, prevents insect pests, prevents bird damage, prevents pollution, ensures yield and ensures quality. The berries produced are not only attractive but also good in taste. It is recommended that whether for field production or greenhouse cultivation, full bagging should be strived for.
5. Water and fertilizer management. As with other grape varieties, it is recommended that in Summer Black grape production, heavy application of organic fertilizer should be made. After that, every 1 year, expand outward along one side of the planting ditch and open a ditch to apply organic fertilizer once. In spring, apply a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once to promote bud break and encourage large fruit clusters. Apply a high-nitrogen three-element fertilizer once for enlargement. Apply a potassium fertilizer once before fruit ripening. The fertilizer amount cannot be generalized; it should be determined according to soil fertility, yield and vine vigor.
6. Scientific winter pruning. Winter pruning is very important and directly affects the yield of grapes the following year. Summer Black grapes have good flower bud differentiation, high bud break rate and high fruiting cane rate. Therefore, for general vine vigor, short-cane pruning is mainly used, while medium-cane pruning may be used for strong canes. For mature vineyards with trellis cultivation and natural fan-shaped pruning.
Key Points to Note in Greenhouse Cultivation
1. Do not plant densely; there must be enough growing space.
2. The gibberellin treatment technique must be well mastered, otherwise the berries will be too small, the yield per unit area will be too low, and it will not be profitable.
Key Points to Note When Training Summer Black Grapes onto the Trellis
1. First, on the first layer of steel cable, tie the binding rope tightly so that it cannot move easily.
2. First tie the shoot tips, so that there is preferably no empty space on the trellis surface. If the shoot tips are plump and too long, they can completely intertwine with each other; since this is the first year, try to increase the number of effective canes and clusters as much as possible.
3. When tying the canes, tie them loosely to leave space for later cane thickening; tying too tightly will cause constriction damage, and they are easily broken in strong winds.
4. When tying the trunk, the trunk must form a 30-40 degree slanted bow with the steel cable, avoiding a nearly 90 degree straight bend between the trunk and the steel cable. The part where the trunk is parallel to the steel cable should preferably not have a large bow.
5. Before April 20, generally do not rush to thin buds and set clusters; apart from removing buds below 50 cm on the trunk, leave the buds above as much as possible, taking into account meteorological disasters that easily occur in our area before April 20, mainly late frost and strong winds.
Advantages of Summer Black Grapes
1. Early ripening: from bud break to fruit ripening takes about 100-115 days, making it a high-quality early-ripening variety.
2. Naturally seedless: triploid and naturally seedless, requiring cluster elongation, fruit retention and enlargement treatments.
3. Excellent quality: it has a rich strawberry aroma and is loved by a wide range of consumers.
4. Vigorous growth, good disease resistance and good flower bud differentiation.
Do not look down on each tiny grape; to make it taste delicious, a great deal of effort must be put in. So many issues need attention during cultivation. Do you all understand them now? I hope this article can help you and that you can all grow delicious grapes.